Functional Neuroimaging Studies

功能神经影像学研究

• 批准号: 6675532
• 负责人: ALLEN R BRAUN
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6675532
• 关键词: brain electrical activity; brain mapping; cerebral dominance; clinical research; communication disorders; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; image processing; positron emission tomography; psychomotor function; sign language; sleep; speech; stuttering

Functional imaging techniques are being used to characterize brain activation patterns in normal subjects and individuals with neurological disorders affecting human communication. Brain activation patterns characterized using PET, fMRI, EEG, MEG and other brain mapping techniques are used to characterize phenotypic presentation, pathophysiology and treatment of communication disorders. PET scans are performed on the GE Advance and Scanditronix PC2048-15B tomographs using the H215O and C-11 Raclopride methods. Data are analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping software and newer covariance techniques developed in the section. fMRI studies are performed on 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla instruments. Functional images are acquired using spiral, echoplanar imaging and arterial spin-tagging methods. Data are analyzed using MEDx, IDL, and SPM software and newer covariance techniques developed in the Section. High density EEG studies are conducted using a Neuroscan 64 channel system and analyzed using BESA, Neuroscan and Brain Voyager packages. PET studies of narrative production in subjects fluent in English and ASL revealed common activations in a widespread array of regions and suggest a novel model for lateralization of cerebral activity during the generation of discourse. This pattern is not predicted by the standard Wernicke-Geschwind model, and may become apparent when language is produced in an ecologically valid contex (Brain, 124: 2028-44, 2001). A functional MRI study of cross-categorical picture and word processing provided data suggesting that the left occipitotemporal and right temporal cortices are part of a neural network mediating picture-word conversions, whereas the frontal cortex functions as a central executive coordinating these transformations (Human Brain Mapping, 16:168-75, 2002). An additional fMRI study demonstrated the hemodynamics of the electrophysiological mismatch negativity (Int J Neuroscience 112:587-606, 2002). PET studies in deaf subjects using American Sign Language demonstrated modality independent features of language processing, strongly lateralized to the left hemisphere regardless of the hand used in signing (Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, In Press). Another PET study demonstrated differences in the patterns of brain activity underlying consciousness and alertness (Brain, 125: 2308-2319, 2002). A number of additional studies in which fMRI and EEG methods are combined to study language processiig in controls and aphasic are being prepared for publication.

功能成像技术用于表征正常受试者的大脑激活模式，并且患有影响人类交流的神经系统疾病的个体。使用PET，fMRI，EEG，MEG和其他脑图技术来表征的大脑激活模式用于表征表型表现，病理生理学和沟通障碍的治疗。使用H215O和C-11 Raclopride方法对GE Advance和Scanditronix PC2048-15B进行了PET扫描。使用统计参数映射软件和本节中开发的较新的协方差技术对数据进行分析。 FMRI研究是在1.5和3.0 Tesla仪器上进行的。使用螺旋，回声成像和动脉自旋标记方法获得功能图像。使用MEDX，IDL和SPM软件以及本节中开发的较新协方差技术分析数据。高密度脑电图研究是使用Neuroscan 64通道系统进行的，并使用BESA，Neuroscan和Brain Voyager包装进行了分析。宠物对英语和ASL的叙事产生的研究揭示了一系列广泛的区域中的共同激活，并提出了一种新的模型，用于产生话语期间脑活动的横向化。标准的Wernicke-Geschwind模型无法预测这种模式，当在生态有效的CONTEX中产生语言时，可能会变得显而易见（Brain，124：2028-44，2001）。跨类别图像和文字处理的功能性MRI研究提供了数据，该研究表明左枕骨和右颞叶皮层是介导图像转换的神经网络的一部分，而额叶皮层则作为中心执行，是这些转换的中心执行（人类大脑映射，16：168-75，2002，2002）。一项功能磁共振成像的一项研究证明了电生理不匹配负性的血液动力学（INT J Neuroscience 112：587-606，2002）。使用美国手语中的聋人受试者的宠物研究表明，语言处理的模态独立特征，无论签名中使用什么手（认知神经科学杂志，印刷中），都向左半球侧向侧面。另一项宠物研究表明，意识和机敏性的脑活动模式差异（Brain，125：2308-2319，2002）。 fMRI和EEG方法合并以研究对照和失语症的语言过程进行了许多其他研究，正在准备出版。