Functional Neuroimaging Studies

功能神经影像研究

• 批准号: 7297969
• 负责人: ALLEN R BRAUN
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7297969
• 关键词: Functional; Neuroimaging; Studies; Functional; Neuroimaging; Studies

Functional imaging techniques are being used to characterize brain activation patterns in normal subjects and individuals with neurological disorders affecting human communication. Brain activation patterns characterized using PET, fMRI, EEG, MEG and other brain mapping techniques are used to characterize phenotypic presentation, pathophysiology and treatment of communication disorders. PET scans are performed on the GE Advance and Scanditronix PC2048-15B tomographs using the H215O and C-11 Raclopride methods. Data are analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping software and newer covariance techniques developed in the section. Structural and functional MRI studies are performed on 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla instruments. Functional images are acquired using spiral, echoplanar imaging and arterial spin-tagging methods. Data are analyzed using MEDx, AFNI, and SPM software and newer covariance techniques developed in the Section. High density EEG studies are conducted using a Neuroscan 64 channel system and analyzed using BESA, Neuroscan and Brain Voyager packages. MEG data are collected on a 275 channel CTF instrument. A series of combined hemodynamic and electrophysiological studies of language in normal volunteers demonstrated unique task related patterns of brain activity for reading, naming, and semantic processing that will serve as a baseline when these paradigms are used to study language recovery in post-stroke aphasia. An arterial spin tagging fMRI study demonstrated the feasibility of studying continuous speech with this method (not possible with standard fMRI techniques because of artifact production) that will be useful in studying recovery of syntactic abilities in aphasics as well. Structural MRI studies evaluating relationships between aphasic symptoms and lesion location are ongoing, with over 40 patients studied thus far. PET studies in deaf subjects using American Sign Language demonstrated modality independent features of language processing, strongly lateralized to the left hemisphere regardless of the hand used in signing. Other PET studies demonstrated unique patterns of brain activity for production of voice in humans. PET studies also demonstrated differences in the processing of language, melody and rhythm by deaf cochlear implant recipients. fMRI studies have demonstrated unique patterns of brain activity in trained musicians processing rhythmic stimuli. A number of additional studies in which fMRI and electrophysiological methods are combined to study language processing in controls and aphasic are being prepared for publication. A series of studies evaluating recovery of function in a rodent model of stroke has recently begun. These investigations will utilize functional imaging (structural and functional MRI, PET, evoked potentials) and immunocytochemical methods to evaluate the correspondence of functional, structural and neurochemical changes in the course of recovery post-stroke. These studies will clarify the interpretation of data emerging from human imaging studies and provide a model in which we will evaluate novel clinical interventions.

功能成像技术用于表征正常受试者的大脑激活模式，并且患有影响人类交流的神经系统疾病的个体。使用PET，fMRI，EEG，MEG和其他脑图技术来表征的大脑激活模式用于表征表型表现，病理生理学和沟通障碍的治疗。使用H215O和C-11 Raclopride方法对GE Advance和Scanditronix PC2048-15B进行了PET扫描。使用统计参数映射软件和本节中开发的较新的协方差技术对数据进行分析。在1.5和3.0特斯拉仪器上进行结构和功能性MRI研究。使用螺旋，回声成像和动脉自旋标记方法获得功能图像。使用MEDX，AFNI和SPM软件以及本节中开发的新协方差技术分析数据。高密度脑电图研究是使用Neuroscan 64通道系统进行的，并使用BESA，Neuroscan和Brain Voyager包装进行了分析。 MEG数据收集在275通道CTF仪器上。一系列对正常志愿者语言的血液动力学和电生理学研究表明，当这些范式用于研究势头失语症中的语言恢复时，用于阅读，命名和语义处理的大脑活动模式与大脑活动相关。一项动脉旋转标签fMRI研究表明，使用这种方法研究连续语音的可行性（由于产生人工制品而无法使用标准的fMRI技术），这也可用于研究Aposics中语法能力的恢复。结构性MRI研究评估失语症状与病变位置之间的关系正在进行中，到目前为止，已有40多名患者研究。使用美国手语中的聋人对受试者的宠物研究表明，语言处理的模态独立性特征，无论签名中使用什么手，都向左半球侧向侧面。其他宠物研究表明，在人类中生产声音的独特模式。宠物研究还表明，聋人人工耳蜗接受者在语言，旋律和节奏的处理方面存在差异。功能磁共振成像研究表明，在训练有素的音乐家处理节奏刺激中，大脑活动的独特模式。 fMRI和电生理方法合并到对照组中的语言处理和失语症的许多其他研究中，正在准备出版。一系列评估啮齿动物中风模型中功能恢复的研究最近已经开始。这些研究将利用功能成像（结构和功能性MRI，PET，诱发潜力）和免疫细胞化学方法来评估恢​​复后恢复过程中功能，结构和神经化学变化的对应关系。这些研究将阐明从人类成像研究中出现的数据的解释，并提供一个模型，我们将评估新的临床干预措施。