PET and fMRI Activation Studies

PET 和 fMRI 激活研究

• 批准号: 6431975
• 负责人: ALLEN R BRAUN
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6431975
• 关键词: brain mapping; cerebral dominance; clinical research; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; image processing; positron emission tomography; psychomotor function; sign language; sleep; speech; stuttering

Functional imaging techniques are being used to characterize brain activation patterns in normal subjects and individuals with neurological disorders affecting human communication. Brain activation patterns characterized using PET, fMRI or other brain mapping techniques may be used to characterize phenotypic presentation and neurological consequences of communication disorders. PET scans are performed on the GE Advance and Scanditronix PC2048-15B tomographs using the H215O method. Data are analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping software and newer covariance techniques developed in the section. fMRI studies are performed on 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla instruments. Functional images are acquired using spiral, echoplanar imaging and spin-tagging methods. Data are analyzed using MEDx, IDL, and SPM software and newer covariance techniques developed in the Section.PET studies in individuals with developmental stuttering demonstrated hemispheric lateralization patterns that differed from those observed in control subjects, providing a model for the pathophysiology of this disorder (Brain, 120: 761-784, 1997). PET studies in normal subjects during sleep and wakefulness demonstrated unique patterns of cerebral activity associated with each of the individual sleep stages (Brain, 120: 1173-1197, 1997; and Science, 279:91-95, 1998). Functional MRI studies in deaf and hearing individuals demonstrated similar left hemisphere, but distinct right hemisphere, recruitment for English and American Sign Language (PNAS, 95: 922-929, 1998; Neuroreport 9:1537-42, 1998). A number of studies are being prepared for publication: PET studies in normal volunteers demonstrated unique cerebral activation patterns associated with motor and linguistic elements of speech and significant differences for propositional vs. automatic speech. PET studies in persons fluent in both English and American Sign Language (ASL) demonstrated a robust left hemispheric lateralization for both spoken and signed language; intrahemispheric differences were detected however that appeared to reflect both linguistic and motor-expressive differences between English and ASL. PET studies in patients with spasmodic dysphonia demonstrated altered patterns of activity in motor and premotor cortices and basal ganglia that suggest a pathyophysiological model for motor dysfunction in this disorder. PET studies of ASL production in deaf subjects. Functional MRI studies at 1.5 Tesla have revealed unique patterns of cerebral activity associated with text comprehension, discrete phases of verbal working memory and modification of central auditory processing by attention. PET studies of language processing in familial and non-familial left handers, central auditory processing in control subjects and central plasticity in deaf subjects following cochlear implantation are currently underway. fMRI and PET studies in Parkinson's Disease, Tourette's syndrome, and recovery of function in post-stroke aphasia are continuing.

功能成像技术用于表征正常受试者的大脑激活模式，并且患有影响人类交流的神经系统疾病的个体。 使用PET，fMRI或其他脑图技术来表征的大脑激活模式可以用来表征表型表现和沟通障碍的神经系统后果。 使用H215O方法对GE Advance和Scanditronix PC2048-15B进行了PET扫描。 使用统计参数映射软件和本节中开发的较新的协方差技术对数据进行分析。 FMRI研究是在1.5和3.0 Tesla仪器上进行的。使用螺旋，回声成像和自旋标记方法获得功能图像。 使用MEDX，IDL和SPM软件以及在患有发育口吃的个体中开发的较新的协方差技术对数据进行分析，这表明半球偏侧化模式与对照组中观察到的模型不同，为这种疾病的病理生理学提供了模型（Brain，120：761-784，1997）。在睡眠和清醒期间对正常受试者的宠物研究表明，与每个单个睡眠阶段相关的脑活动的独特模式（Brain，120：1173-1197，1997； Science，279：91-95，1998）。 在聋人和听力个体中的功能性MRI研究表现出相似的左半球，但右半球不同，英语和美国手语的招募（PNAS，95：922-929，1998; NeuroReport 9：1537-42，1998）。 正在准备许多研究以发表：正常志愿者的宠物研究表明，与运动和语音的语言元素相关的独特脑激活模式以及命题与自动语音的显着差异。 流利的英语和美国手语（ASL）的宠物研究表明，口语和签名语言都有强大的左半球横向化。但是，检测到骨内差异似乎反映了英语和ASL之间的语言和运动表达差异。 对痉挛性吞咽困难的患者的宠物研究表明，运动和前皮质和基底神经节的活性模式改变了，这暗示了该疾病中运动功能障碍的病原体生理模型。对聋受试者中ASL产生的PET研究。 1.5特斯拉的功能性MRI研究揭示了与文本理解，口头工作记忆的离散阶段相关的脑活动的独特模式，以及通过注意力进行中央听觉处理的修改。 目前正在进行宠物研究家族和非家庭左撇子中的语言处理，对照受试者中的中央听觉处理以及人工耳蜗植入后聋人受试者中的中心可塑性。帕金森氏病，图雷特综合症的fMRI和宠物研究继续进行，并恢复中风后失语症的功能。