Functional Neuroimaging Studies in Humans

人类功能神经影像研究

基本信息

批准号：
7733871
负责人：
ALLEN R BRAUN
金额：
$ 145.59万
依托单位：
NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
至
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7733871
关键词：
Affect Aphasia Brain Brain Mapping Clinical Research Cochlear Implants Communication Communication impairment Complex Comprehension Computer software Data Data Analyses Disease Echo-Planar Imaging Electroencephalography Facility Construction Funding Category Feasibility Studies Functional Imaging Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Functional disorder Hand functions Hearing Impaired Persons Human Imaging Techniques Individual Language Left Lesion Location Magnetic Resonance Imaging Maps Methods Modality Morphologic artifacts Names Numbers Patients Pattern Positron-Emission Tomography Process Production Publications Raclopride Reading Recovery Series Sign Language Speech Standards of Weights and Measures Stimulus Symptoms Systems Analysis Techniques Training Treatment Efficacy Voice aphasic density hemodynamics instrument language processing musician nervous system disorder neuroimaging post stroke response semantic processing syntax volunteer

项目摘要

Functional imaging techniques are being used to characterize brain activation patterns in normal subjects and individuals with neurological disorders affecting human communication. Brain activation patterns characterized using PET, fMRI, EEG, MEG and other brain mapping techniques are used to characterize phenotypic presentation, pathophysiology and treatment of communication disorders. PET scans are performed on the GE Advance and Scanditronix PC2048-15B tomographs using the H215O and C-11 Raclopride methods. Data are analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping software and newer covariance techniques developed in the section. Structural and functional MRI studies are performed on GE 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla instruments. Functional images are acquired using spiral, echoplanar imaging and arterial spin-tagging methods. Data are analyzed using MEDx, AFNI, and SPM software and newer covariance techniques developed in the Section. High density EEG studies are conducted using a Neuroscan 64 channel system and analyzed using BESA, Neuroscan and Brain Voyager packages. MEG data are collected on a 275 channel CTF instrument. A series of combined hemodynamic and electrophysiological studies of language in normal volunteers demonstrated unique task related patterns of brain activity for reading, naming, and semantic processing that will serve as a baseline when these paradigms are used to study language recovery in post-stroke aphasia. An arterial spin tagging fMRI study demonstrated the feasibility of studying continuous speech with this method (not possible with standard fMRI techniques because of artifact production) that will be useful in studying recovery of syntactic abilities in aphasics as well. Structural MRI studies evaluating relationships between aphasic symptoms and lesion location have been completed, with over 40 patients studied thus far. Functional MRI studies of confrontational naming in 20 aphasic patients have demonstrated unique patterns of activity in perilesional and contralesional cortical regions associated with correct and incorrect (paraphasic) responses and dissociable patterns of activity associated with production of nouns and verbs. MEG studies of syntactic comprehension in control subject have demonstrated differential activation associated with comprehension of simple and complex syntactic constructions. These methods will now be applied in clinical studies evaluating recovery of agrammatic aphasic patients. PET studies in deaf subjects using American Sign Language demonstrated modality independent features of language processing, strongly lateralized to the left hemisphere regardless of the hand used in signing. Other PET studies demonstrated unique patterns of brain activity for production of voice in humans. PET studies also demonstrated differences in the processing of language, melody and rhythm by deaf cochlear implant recipients. fMRI studies have demonstrated unique patterns of brain activity in trained musicians processing rhythmic stimuli. A number of additional studies in which fMRI and electrophysiological methods are combined to study language processing in controls and aphasic are being prepared for publication.

功能成像技术被用来表征正常受试者和患有影响人类交流的神经系统疾病的个体的大脑激活模式。使用 PET、fMRI、EEG、MEG 和其他脑图技术表征的脑激活模式用于表征沟通障碍的表型表现、病理生理学和治疗。使用 H215O 和 C-11 Raclopride 方法在 GE Advance 和 Scanditronix PC2048-15B 断层扫描仪上进行 PET 扫描。使用统计参数映射软件和本节中开发的更新的协方差技术来分析数据。结构和功能 MRI 研究在 GE 1.5 和 3.0 Tesla 仪器上进行。使用螺旋、平面回波成像和动脉自旋标记方法获取功能图像。使用 MEDx、AFNI 和 SPM 软件以及本节中开发的较新的协方差技术来分析数据。高密度脑电图研究使用 Neuroscan 64 通道系统进行，并使用 BESA、Neuroscan 和 Brain Voyager 软件包进行分析。 MEG 数据在 275 通道 CTF 仪器上收集。对正常志愿者的语言进行的一系列血流动力学和电生理学综合研究表明，阅读、命名和语义处理的大脑活动具有独特的任务相关模式，当这些范式用于研究中风后失语症的语言恢复时，这些模式将作为基线。动脉自旋标记功能磁共振成像研究证明了用这种方法研究连续语音的可行性（由于伪影的产生，使用标准功能磁共振成像技术是不可能的），这对于研究失语症患者句法能力的恢复也很有用。评估失语症症状与病变位置之间关系的结构性 MRI 研究已经完成，迄今为止已研究了 40 多名患者。对 20 名失语症患者的对抗性命名进行的功能性 MRI 研究表明，病灶周围和对侧皮层区域的独特活动模式与正确和不正确（相错）反应相关，以及与名词和动词的产生相关的可分离活动模式。对对照受试者句法理解的 MEG 研究表明，与简单和复杂句法结构的理解相关的差异激活。这些方法现在将应用于评估语法失语症患者康复情况的临床研究。使用美国手语对聋人受试者进行的 PET 研究表明，语言处理的模式独立特征，无论手语中使用哪只手，都强烈偏向左半球。其他 PET 研究证明了人类发声的大脑活动的独特模式。 PET 研究还表明，聋人人工耳蜗植入者在处理语言、旋律和节奏方面存在差异。功能磁共振成像研究表明，训练有素的音乐家在处理节奏刺激时大脑活动具有独特的模式。许多其他研究正在准备发表，其中结合功能磁共振成像和电生理学方法来研究对照组和失语症患者的语言处理。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（18）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Planum parietale of chimpanzees and orangutans: a comparative resonance of human-like planum temporale asymmetry.

黑猩猩和猩猩的顶平面：类人颞平面不对称性的比较共振。

DOI：
10.1002/ar.a.20256
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
The anatomical record. Part A, Discoveries in molecular, cellular, and evolutionary biology
影响因子：
0
作者：
Gannon,PatrickJ;Kheck,NancyM;Braun,AllenR;Holloway,RalphL
通讯作者：
Holloway,RalphL

Tune deafness: processing melodic errors outside of conscious awareness as reflected by components of the auditory ERP.