Functional Neuroimaging Studies

功能神经影像研究

• 批准号: 7130163
• 负责人: ALLEN R BRAUN
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7130163
• 关键词: aphasia; bioimaging /biomedical imaging; brain electrical activity; brain mapping; communication disorders; computer program /software; electroencephalography; electrophysiology; functional magnetic resonance imaging; hemodynamics; human subject; immunocytochemistry; language; magnetoencephalography; neural information processing; neuroimaging; patient oriented research; positron emission tomography

Functional imaging techniques are being used to characterize brain activation patterns in normal subjects and individuals with neurological disorders affecting human communication. Brain activation patterns characterized using PET, fMRI, EEG, MEG and other brain mapping techniques are used to characterize phenotypic presentation, pathophysiology and treatment of communication disorders. PET scans are performed on the GE Advance and Scanditronix PC2048-15B tomographs using the H215O and C-11 Raclopride methods. Data are analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping software and newer covariance techniques developed in the section. Structural and functional MRI studies are performed on 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla instruments. Functional images are acquired using spiral, echoplanar imaging and arterial spin-tagging methods. Data are analyzed using MEDx, AFNI, and SPM software and newer covariance techniques developed in the Section. High density EEG studies are conducted using a Neuroscan 64 channel system and analyzed using BESA, Neuroscan and Brain Voyager packages. MEG data are collected on a 275 channel CTF instrument. A series of combined hemodynamic and electrophysiological studies of language in normal volunteers demonstrated unique task related patterns of brain activity for reading, naming, and semantic processing that will serve as a baseline when these paradigms are used to study language recovery in post-stroke aphasia. An arterial spin tagging fMRI study demonstrated the feasibility of studying continuous speech with this method (not possible with standard fMRI techniques because of artifact production) that will be useful in studying recovery of syntactic abilities in aphasics as well. Structural MRI studies evaluating relationships between aphasic symptoms and lesion location are ongoing, with over 40 patients studied thus far. PET studies in deaf subjects using American Sign Language demonstrated modality independent features of language processing, strongly lateralized to the left hemisphere regardless of the hand used in signing. Other PET studies demonstrated unique patterns of brain activity for production of voice in humans. PET studies also demonstrated differences in the processing of language, melody and rhythm by deaf cochlear implant recipients. fMRI studies have demonstrated unique patterns of brain activity in trained musicians processing rhythmic stimuli. A number of additional studies in which fMRI and electrophysiological methods are combined to study language processing in controls and aphasic are being prepared for publication. A series of studies evaluating recovery of function in a rodent model of stroke has recently begun. These investigations will utilize functional imaging (structural and functional MRI, PET, evoked potentials) and immunocytochemical methods to evaluate the correspondence of functional, structural and neurochemical changes in the course of recovery post-stroke. These studies will clarify the interpretation of data emerging from human imaging studies and provide a model in which we will evaluate novel clinical interventions.

功能成像技术被用来表征正常受试者和患有影响人类交流的神经系统疾病的个体的大脑激活模式。使用 PET、fMRI、EEG、MEG 和其他脑图技术表征的脑激活模式用于表征沟通障碍的表型表现、病理生理学和治疗。使用 H215O 和 C-11 Raclopride 方法在 GE Advance 和 Scanditronix PC2048-15B 断层扫描仪上进行 PET 扫描。使用统计参数映射软件和本节中开发的更新的协方差技术来分析数据。结构和功能 MRI 研究在 1.5 和 3.0 特斯拉仪器上进行。使用螺旋、平面回波成像和动脉自旋标记方法获取功能图像。使用 MEDx、AFNI 和 SPM 软件以及本节中开发的较新的协方差技术来分析数据。高密度脑电图研究使用 Neuroscan 64 通道系统进行，并使用 BESA、Neuroscan 和 Brain Voyager 软件包进行分析。 MEG 数据在 275 通道 CTF 仪器上收集。对正常志愿者的语言进行的一系列血流动力学和电生理学综合研究表明，阅读、命名和语义处理的大脑活动具有独特的任务相关模式，当这些范式用于研究中风后失语症的语言恢复时，这些模式将作为基线。动脉自旋标记功能磁共振成像研究证明了用这种方法研究连续语音的可行性（由于伪影的产生，使用标准功能磁共振成像技术是不可能的），这对于研究失语症患者句法能力的恢复也很有用。评估失语症症状与病变位置之间关系的结构 MRI 研究正在进行中，迄今为止已研究了 40 多名患者。使用美国手语对聋人受试者进行的 PET 研究表明，语言处理的模式独立特征，无论手语中使用哪只手，都强烈偏向左半球。其他 PET 研究证明了人类发声的大脑活动的独特模式。 PET 研究还表明，聋人人工耳蜗植入者在处理语言、旋律和节奏方面存在差异。功能磁共振成像研究表明，训练有素的音乐家在处理节奏刺激时大脑活动具有独特的模式。许多其他研究正在准备发表，其中结合功能磁共振成像和电生理学方法来研究对照组和失语症患者的语言处理。最近开始了一系列评估中风啮齿动物模型功能恢复的研究。这些研究将利用功能成像（结构和功能 MRI、PET、诱发电位）和免疫细胞化学方法来评估中风后恢复过程中功能、结构和神经化学变化的对应关系。这些研究将澄清对人类成像研究中出现的数据的解释，并提供一个模型，我们将在其中评估新的临床干预措施。