REORGANIZATION OF VISUAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH POSTERIOR CORTICAL RESECTION: SELECTIVITY AND PLASTICITY

后皮质切除患者视觉功能的重组：选择性和可塑性

• 批准号: 9921400
• 负责人: Marlene Behrmann
• 金额: $ 23.61万
• 依托单位: CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-05-01 至 2022-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9921400
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; Architecture; Attention; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Biography; Brain; Categories; Cerebral Dominance; Cerebral hemisphere; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Cognitive; Contralateral; Data; Data Aggregation; Development; Epilepsy; Excision; Exhibits; Face; Goals; Grain; Guidelines; Hemispherectomy; Individual; Intractable Epilepsy; Investigation; Ipsilateral; Lesion; Light; Linguistics; Lobectomy; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Meridians; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Neuronal Plasticity; Occipital lobe; Operative Surgical Procedures; Patients; Pattern; Population; Predictive Factor; Procedures; Protocols documentation; Psychophysics; Pulvinar structure; Recovery; Recovery of Function; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Resort; Resources; Rest; Scanning; Seizures; Series; Side; Spatial Distribution; Stimulus; Structure; Sum; Techniques; Testing; Time; Translational Research; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Fields; Visual system structure; behavioral response; cortex mapping; data acquisition; early childhood; extrastriate visual cortex; innovation; insight; motor deficit; neuroimaging; novel; object recognition; patient population; pediatric patients; receptive field; relating to nervous system; response; retinotopic; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina; tractography; translational approach; visual processing

Summary Lobectomy or, in extreme cases, hemispherectomy, involves the removal of part or all of a cerebral hemisphere as a means of treating certain intractable conditions (e.g. epilepsy). Despite the radical nature of this procedure, the resulting visual deficits can undergo impressive improvement over time, especially when the procedure is conducted at an early age. Surprisingly, rather little exploration has been directed at elucidating the mechanisms supporting this remarkable display of neural plasticity. The goal of this research is to characterize the remapping of visual processing in both cortical and subcortical regions from pre- to post-surgery and longitudinally thereafter, using (and correlating) fine-grained behavioral and neuroimaging methods (univariate and advanced multivariate techniques) in a relatively large group of children who have undergone posterior cortical resection. We first aim to characterize the reorganization of retinotopic cortex, by mapping meridians and by population receptive-field (pRF) modeling. One intriguing hypothesis that motivates this investigation concerns the ability of the intact occipital lobe to develop sensitivity over time to the affected ipsilateral hemifield. Second, at the level of extrastriate cortex, we will characterize the selectivity and topography associated with the recognition of visual categories such as faces, houses, objects and word forms during task and during resting state scans. The ability of a single hemisphere to cope with multiple categories is indicative of important adjustments in the architecture of high-level object recognition and successful recognition may be mediated by a more compact integration of visual representations underlying different categories. Third, we propose to explore functional and structural changes in the profile of subcortical structures (e.g., pulvinar/superior colliculus) as a potential mechanism for the cortical changes, and will examine structural connectivity between early and later cortical regions and subcortical structures using tractography methods. Last, we will examine patterns of recovery as a function of key variables such as age at test and at surgery, presurgical cognitive level and side of lesion. This last factor is particularly relevant for understanding hemispheric dominance, effects of lateralization and postsurgical reorganization. In sum, our investigation constitutes an unprecedented examination of a radical case of cortical remapping at the single case and aggregated group level. The degree and the manner by which there is restitution of visual function following drastic reduction in the available neural resources can shed light on the boundary conditions of plasticity. Understanding lobectomy and its consequences offers unique insights into neural plasticity that can contribute significantly both to a basic science understanding of the visual system and to translational approaches (possible rehabilitation methods and guidelines for surgery).

概括 肺切除术或在极端情况下是半球切除术，涉及去除部分或全部 脑半球作为治疗某些棘手条件的一种手段（例如癫痫）。尽管有 此过程的根本性，由此产生的视觉缺陷会经历令人印象深刻的改进 随着时间的流逝，尤其是在早期进行程序时。令人惊讶的是，很少 探索旨在阐明支持这种显着显示的机制 神经可塑性。这项研究的目的是表征视觉处理的重新映射 从术前到手术后以及此后纵向的皮质和皮层区域，都使用（和 相关）细粒度的行为和神经影像学方法（单变量和高级多变量 技术）在接受皮质后切除的相对较大的儿童中。我们 首先通过绘制子午线和通过 种群接受场（PRF）建模。一个有趣的假设，激发了这一调查 涉及完整枕叶随着时间的推移对受影响的同侧发展敏感性的能力 半场。其次，在外层皮层的水平上，我们将表征选择性和 与面孔，房屋，物体和视觉类别的识别相关的地形 任务期间和静止状态扫描期间的单词形式。一个半球应对的能力 多个类别表明高级对象的体系结构中的重要调整 识别和成功识别可能是通过更紧凑的视觉整合来介导的 不同类别的表示形式。第三，我们建议探索功能和结构 皮层结构（例如pulvinar/colle Colliculus）的特征的变化作为电势 皮质变化的机制，并将检查早期和晚期之间的结构连通性 使用拖拉学方法的皮质区域和皮层结构。最后，我们将检查模式 恢复与关键变量的函数，例如测试和手术时的年龄，术前认知 病变的水平和侧面。这个最后一个因素与理解半球特别相关 优势，横向化的影响和外术重组。总之，我们的调查 构成了对单个情况下皮质重新映射的自由基案例的前所未有的检查 和汇总的小组级别。视觉恢复的程度和方式 可用神经资源大幅降低后的功能可以揭示边界 可塑性的条件。了解叶切除术及其后果为您提供了独特的见解 神经可塑性可以对视觉的基础科学理解产生重大贡献 系统和转化方法（可能的康复方法和手术指南）。