Cognitive neuroscience of temporal processing

时间处理的认知神经科学

• 批准号: 7142528
• 负责人: H BRANCH COSLETT
• 金额: $ 34.78万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7142528
• 关键词: aging; attention; behavioral /social science research tag; bioimaging /biomedical imaging; brain electrical activity; brain interhemispheric activity; brain mapping; cerebral dominance; clinical research; cognition; computer human interaction; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; infarct; memory; neural information processing; neuroimaging; neuropsychology; psychological tests; psychomotor reaction time; statistics /biometry; stroke; time perception; transcranial magnetic stimulation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ability to predict and generate responses with temporal precision underlies such crucial and diverse human capacities as associative learning, mastering complex movements, music as well as everyday activities such as driving, cooking; indeed, in the absence of a well-developed ability to ability to evaluate time, one would not be able to safely cross a busy intersection. The critical role in behavior played by temporal processing may also be illustrated by the fact that basic mechanisms involved in motor and interval timing appear to have developed early in evolution and been conserved. For example, a well-developed capacity for interval timing has been demonstrated in goldfish, starlings, rats, primates and humans. Indeed, as noted by Gibbon and colleagues, rats exhibit the same scalar property in interval timing demonstrated by humans but do not differ appreciably with respect to temporal precision. We propose a series of investigations to explore the neural basis of temporal processing in humans. Three types of studies will be performed. First, we propose to administer a series of investigations motivated by a contemporary model of temporal processing to subjects with brain lesions involving the basal ganglia as well as specific cortical regions (lateral frontal lobe, inferior parietal lobe; temporal lobe). By comparing the performance of subjects with different loci of brain damage and correlating performance with other measures of memory, language, attention and cognition, we expect to identify the brain regions and mechanisms underlying time processing. A second set of investigations will use functional MRI to explore the anatomic bases of temporal processing in young healthy subjects. Finally, we propose to use transcranial magnetic stimulation to identify specific brain regions that are necessary for normal temporal processing.

描述（由申请人提供）：具有时间精度的预测和产生响应的能力是关联学习，掌握复杂运动，音乐以及日常活动（例如驾驶，烹饪）等至关重要和多样化的人类能力；确实，如果没有发达的能力评估时间的能力，人们将无法安全地跨越繁忙的十字路口。在时间处理中所进行的行为中的关键作用也可以通过以下事实说明：运动和间隔时间的基本机制似乎在进化早期发展并得到保存。例如，在金鱼，八哥，大鼠，灵长类动物和人类中，已经证明了一个间隔时间的发达能力。的确，正如Gibbon及其同事所指出的那样，大鼠在人类所证明的间隔正时表现出相同的标量特性，但在时间精度方面没有明显差异。我们提出了一系列调查，以探索人类时间处理的神经基础。将进行三种类型的研究。首先，我们建议对涉及基底神经节和特定皮质区域的脑病变的受试者以及特定的皮质区域（侧叶侧叶，下顶叶；颞叶）进行一系列调查。通过比较具有不同脑损伤基因座的受试者的表现，并将表现与其他记忆，语言，注意力和认知的措施相关联，我们希望确定时间处理的大脑区域和机制。第二组研究将使用功能性MRI来探索年轻健康受试者的时间处理的解剖基础。最后，我们建议使用经颅磁刺激来识别正常时间处理所必需的特定大脑区域。