Tests of a Global Deficit Model of Age-Related Deficits in Memory Judgments

记忆判断中与年龄相关的缺陷的全局缺陷模型的测试

• 批准号: 7090214
• 负责人: AARON S BENJAMIN
• 金额: $ 15.1万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-06-01 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7090214
• 关键词: aging; association learning; attention; behavior prediction; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; computational biology; human old age (65+); human subject; information systems; judgment; mathematical ability; memory; memory disorders; model design /development; neural information processing; perception; problem solving; psychological models; psychometrics; reading; stimulus /response; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal develops several models of memory judgments that assume a purely global deficit in memory fidelity in older subjects. Unlike extant accounts of age-related changes in recognition, they make no assertions about selective deficits in memory processes or systems. The performance of the models -- and thus their consequent faithfulness in reproducing the memory acts of human rememberers -- derives from their implementation of three interrelated hypotheses: (1) a global deficit, which asserts that the memory deficit associated with aging is nonselective; (2) representational sparsity, which proposes that information in the environment that is less central to the perceiver's tasks, goals, or attentional biases is represented less densely than is goal-relevant, perceptually salient, or attention-capturing information; and (3) representational nonspecificity, which suggests that the fundamental operations that govern the encoding of information in memory do not differ for items and contexts, nor for the associative or relational information that binds them. Implications of these hypotheses for the effects of perceptual and attentional manipulations on age-related deficits in memory for context will be tested in Experiments 1-15, and the models will be benchmarked via the results of these experiments and a number of additional but conceptually central findings concerning the effects of age on recognition. The models will be extended to three additional paradigms involving memory judgments: exclusion, associative recognition, and false recognition, and implications of how the models address these four paradigms are tested in Experiments 16-27. These models are the first to provide a unified account of memory performance across these paradigms, and their failures should prove as informative as its successes. To the degree that the models cannot account for the results of prior work and the current experiments, it will help illuminate the specific nature of the age-related deficit in memory, and will thus guide additional theoretical and practical work in understanding and ameliorating those deficits.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案开发了几种记忆判断模型，这些模型纯粹是在较旧受试者中纯粹的内存保真度。与现存的与年龄相关的识别变化的说明不同，它们对内存过程或系统中选择性缺陷没有任何断言。模型的表现 - 因此，它们在重现人类记忆的记忆行为时的忠诚源于它们的实施三个相互关联的假设：（1）全球赤字，这断言与衰老相关的记忆不足是非选择性的； （2）代表性的稀疏性，提出在环境中对感知者任务，目标或注意力偏见不太重要的信息的密度不如目标相关，知名度显着或关注信息的密度。 （3）代表性非特定性，这表明控制记忆中信息编码的基本操作在项目和上下文中没有差异，也不是对它们绑定它们的关联或关系信息。这些假设对感知和注意操纵对年龄相关的记忆缺陷的影响的影响将在实验1-15中进行测试，并且这些模型将通过这些实验的结果以及许多其他但恰当的核心中心发现来基准测试，这些发现涉及时代对识别的影响。这些模型将扩展到涉及内存判断的另外三个范式：排除，关联识别和错误识别，以及模型如何解决这四个范式的含义在实验16-27中测试。这些模型是第一个提供这些范式中记忆性能的统一说明的模型，它们的失败应与其成功一样丰富。在模型无法解释先前工作的结果和当前实验的程度上，它将有助于阐明与年龄相关的记忆中与年龄相关的赤字的特定性质，因此将指导在理解和改善这些缺陷方面的其他理论和实际工作。