Functional Neuroimaging Studies

功能神经影像研究

• 批准号: 6965299
• 负责人: ALLEN R BRAUN
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6965299
• 关键词: aphasia; behavioral /social science research tag; bioimaging /biomedical imaging; brain electrical activity; brain imaging /visualization /scanning; brain mapping; cerebral dominance; clinical research; communication disorders; computer data analysis; computer program /software; electroencephalography; functional ability; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; magnetoencephalography; method development; neural information processing; neuroimaging; positron emission tomography; reading; semantics; sign language; speech; stroke; aphasia; behavioral /social science research tag; bioimaging /biomedical imaging; brain electrical activity; brain imaging /visualization /scanning; brain mapping; cerebral dominance; clinical research; communication disorders; computer data analysis; computer program /software; electroencephalography; functional ability; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; magnetoencephalography; method development; neural information processing; neuroimaging; positron emission tomography; reading; semantics; sign language; speech; stroke

Functional imaging techniques are being used to characterize brain activation patterns in normal subjects and individuals with neurological disorders affecting human communication. Brain activation patterns characterized using PET, fMRI, EEG, MEG and other brain mapping techniques are used to characterize phenotypic presentation, pathophysiology and treatment of communication disorders. PET scans are performed on the GE Advance and Scanditronix PC2048-15B tomographs using the H215O and C-11 Raclopride methods. Data are analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping software and newer covariance techniques developed in the section. fMRI studies are performed on 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla instruments. Functional images are acquired using spiral, echoplanar imaging and arterial spin-tagging methods. Data are analyzed using MEDx, AFNI, and SPM software and newer covariance techniques developed in the Section. High density EEG studies are conducted using a Neuroscan 64 channel system and analyzed using BESA, Neuroscan and Brain Voyager packages. A series of combined fMRI and EEG/ERP studies of language in normal volunteers demonstrated unique task related patterns of brain activity for reading, naming, and semantic processing that will serve as a baseline when these paradigms are used to study language recovery in post-stroke aphasia. An arterial spin taggin fMRI study demonstrated the feasibility of studying continuous speech with this method (not possible with standard fMRI techniques because of artifact production) that will be useful in studying recovery of syntactic abilities in aphasics as well. Structural MRI studies evaluating relationships between aphasic symptoms and lesion location are ongoing, with over 30 patients studied thus far. PET studies in deaf subjects using American Sign Language demonstrated modality independent features of language processing, strongly lateralized to the left hemisphere regardless of the hand used in signing. Other PET studies demonstrated unique patterns of brain activity for production of voice in humans. A number of additional studies in which fMRI and EEG methods are combined to study language processing in controls and aphasic are being prepared for publication.

功能成像技术用于表征正常受试者的大脑激活模式，并且患有影响人类交流的神经系统疾病的个体。使用PET，fMRI，EEG，MEG和其他脑图技术来表征的大脑激活模式用于表征表型表现，病理生理学和沟通障碍的治疗。使用H215O和C-11 Raclopride方法对GE Advance和Scanditronix PC2048-15B进行了PET扫描。使用统计参数映射软件和本节中开发的较新的协方差技术对数据进行分析。 FMRI研究是在1.5和3.0 Tesla仪器上进行的。使用螺旋，回声成像和动脉自旋标记方法获得功能图像。使用MEDX，AFNI和SPM软件以及本节中开发的新协方差技术分析数据。高密度脑电图研究是使用Neuroscan 64通道系统进行的，并使用BESA，Neuroscan和Brain Voyager包装进行了分析。正常志愿者中的一系列fMRI和EEG/EEG/EEG/EEG/EEG/EEG研究表明，在阅读，命名和语义处理中，当这些范式用于研究后势失语症中的语言恢复时，它们将作为基线的独特任务与大脑活动相关的模式。一项动脉自旋Taggin FMRI研究表明，使用这种方法研究连续语音的可行性（由于产生人工制品而无法使用标准的fMRI技术），这也可用于研究Aposics中语法能力的恢复。结构性MRI研究评估失语症状与病变位置之间的关系正在进行中，到目前为止，已有30多名患者研究。使用美国手语中的聋人对受试者的宠物研究表明，语言处理的模态独立性特征，无论签名中使用什么手，都向左半球侧向侧面。其他宠物研究表明，在人类中生产声音的独特模式。 fMRI和EEG方法合并以研究对照和失语症的语言处理的其他许多研究正在发表。