PET and fMRI Activation Studies

PET 和 fMRI 激活研究

• 批准号: 6104222
• 负责人: ALLEN R BRAUN
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6104222
• 关键词: brain mapping; cerebral dominance; clinical research; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; image processing; positron emission tomography; psychomotor function; sign language; sleep; speech; stuttering

Functional imaging techniques are being used to characterize brain activation patterns in normal subjects and individuals with neurological disorders affecting human communication. Brain activation patterns characterized using PET, fMRI or other brain mapping techniques may be used to characterize phenotypic presentation and neurological consequences of communication disorders. PET scans are performed on the GE Advance and Scanditronix PC2048-15B tomographs using the H215O method. Data are analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping software and newer covariance techniques developed in the section. fMRI studies are performed on 1.5 and 4Tesla instruments. Functional images are acquired using echoplanar and newer spin-tagging methods. Data are analyzed using IDL, SPM, fidap (NIMH) software and newer covariance techniques developed in the section. PET studies in individuals with developmental stuttering demonstrated hemispheric lateralization patterns that differed from those observed in control subjects, providing a model for the pathophysiology of this disorder. These studies were published in Brain, (120: 761-784, 1997). PET studies in normal subjects during sleep and wakefulness demonstrated unique patterns of cerebral activity associated with each of the individual sleep stages. These studies were published in Brain (120: 1173-1197, 1997) and Science (279:91-95, 1998). Further analyses of sleep-wake PET data have been submitted for publication. Functional MRI studies in deaf and hearing individuals demonstrated similar left hemisphere, but distinct right hemisphere, recruitment for English and American Sign Language. These studies were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (95: 922-929, 1998) and Neuroreport (9:1537-42, 1998) and in review in Nature. PET studies in normal volunteers demonstrated unique cerebral activation patterns associated with motor and linguistic elements of speech and significant differences for propositional vs. automatic speech. PET studies in persons fluent in both English and American Sign Language (ASL) demonstrated a robust left hemispheric lateralization for both spoken and signed language; intrahemispheric differences were detected however that appeared to reflect both linguistic and motor-expressive differences between English and ASL. PET studies in patients with spasmodic dysphonia demonstrated altered patterns of activity in motor and premotor cortices and basal ganglia that suggest a pathyophysiological model for motor dysfunction in this disorder. Results of these studies are being prepared for publication. Novel analytic methods for neuroimaging have been developed by members of the section. Functional MRI studies of high level language comprehension and semantic processing are currently underway. PET studies of ASL production in deaf subjects are being completed. fMRI and PET studies in Parkinson's Disease are continuing.

功能成像技术已用于 表征正常受试者中大脑激活模式的表征 患有影响人类的神经系统疾病的人 沟通。使用PET表征的大脑激活模式， fMRI或其他大脑映射技术可用于 表征表型表现和神经学 沟通障碍的后果。 PET扫描是 在GE Advance和Scanditronix PC2048-15B上执行 使用H215O方法的断层扫描。使用数据分析 统计参数映射软件和较新的协方差 本节中开发的技术。 FMRI研究进行 1.5和4tesla仪器。使用功能图像是使用 Echoplanar和更新的旋转方法。分析数据 使用IDL，SPM，FIDAP（NIMH）软件和较新的协方差 本节中开发的技术。 个人研究 有发育口吃的表现出半球 与对照中观察到的不同的偏侧化模式 受试者，为此提供病理生理学的模型 紊乱。这些研究发表在大脑中（120：761-784， 1997）。睡眠和清醒期间正常受试者的宠物研究 展示了与 每个人的睡眠阶段。这些研究发表在 大脑（120：1173-1197，1997）和科学（279：91-95，1998）。 已经提交了对睡眠觉醒宠物数据的进一步分析 发布。聋人和听力个体的功能性MRI研究 表现出相似的左半球，但右半球不同， 英语和美国手语的招聘。这些 研究发表在美国国家学院的会议记录中 科学（95：922-929，1998）和NeuroReport（9：1537-42， 1998年）和自然综述。正常志愿者的宠物研究 展示了与 语音的运动和语言要素以及显着差异 用于命题与自动演讲。宠物研究 流利的英语和美国手语（ASL） 表现出强大的左半球侧向化 口语和签名语言；骨内差异是 然而，发现似乎反映了语言和 英语和ASL之间的运动表达差异。宠物 痉挛性吞咽困难的患者的研究表明 运动和前皮层的活动模式以及基础 神经节提出了针对运动的病理生理模型 这种疾病的功能障碍。这些研究的结果正在 准备出版。神经影像学的新分析方法 已由本节成员开发。功能性MRI 高级语言理解和语义的研究 当前正在处理处理。 ASL生产的宠物研究 在聋人中正在完成。 fMRI和宠物研究 帕金森氏病仍在继续。