PET and fMRI Activation Studies

PET 和 fMRI 激活研究

• 批准号: 6104222
• 负责人: ALLEN R BRAUN
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6104222
• 关键词: brain mapping; cerebral dominance; clinical research; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; image processing; positron emission tomography; psychomotor function; sign language; sleep; speech; stuttering

Functional imaging techniques are being used to characterize brain activation patterns in normal subjects and individuals with neurological disorders affecting human communication. Brain activation patterns characterized using PET, fMRI or other brain mapping techniques may be used to characterize phenotypic presentation and neurological consequences of communication disorders. PET scans are performed on the GE Advance and Scanditronix PC2048-15B tomographs using the H215O method. Data are analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping software and newer covariance techniques developed in the section. fMRI studies are performed on 1.5 and 4Tesla instruments. Functional images are acquired using echoplanar and newer spin-tagging methods. Data are analyzed using IDL, SPM, fidap (NIMH) software and newer covariance techniques developed in the section. PET studies in individuals with developmental stuttering demonstrated hemispheric lateralization patterns that differed from those observed in control subjects, providing a model for the pathophysiology of this disorder. These studies were published in Brain, (120: 761-784, 1997). PET studies in normal subjects during sleep and wakefulness demonstrated unique patterns of cerebral activity associated with each of the individual sleep stages. These studies were published in Brain (120: 1173-1197, 1997) and Science (279:91-95, 1998). Further analyses of sleep-wake PET data have been submitted for publication. Functional MRI studies in deaf and hearing individuals demonstrated similar left hemisphere, but distinct right hemisphere, recruitment for English and American Sign Language. These studies were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (95: 922-929, 1998) and Neuroreport (9:1537-42, 1998) and in review in Nature. PET studies in normal volunteers demonstrated unique cerebral activation patterns associated with motor and linguistic elements of speech and significant differences for propositional vs. automatic speech. PET studies in persons fluent in both English and American Sign Language (ASL) demonstrated a robust left hemispheric lateralization for both spoken and signed language; intrahemispheric differences were detected however that appeared to reflect both linguistic and motor-expressive differences between English and ASL. PET studies in patients with spasmodic dysphonia demonstrated altered patterns of activity in motor and premotor cortices and basal ganglia that suggest a pathyophysiological model for motor dysfunction in this disorder. Results of these studies are being prepared for publication. Novel analytic methods for neuroimaging have been developed by members of the section. Functional MRI studies of high level language comprehension and semantic processing are currently underway. PET studies of ASL production in deaf subjects are being completed. fMRI and PET studies in Parkinson's Disease are continuing.

功能成像技术被用于 表征正常受试者的大脑激活模式 患有影响人类神经系统疾病的个体 沟通。使用 PET 表征的大脑激活模式， 功能磁共振成像或其他脑图技术可用于 表征表型表现和神经学特征 沟通障碍的后果。 PET 扫描是 在 GE Advance 和 Scanditronix PC2048-15B 上执行 使用 H215O 方法进行断层扫描。数据分析使用 统计参数映射软件和更新的协方差 本节中开发的技术。功能磁共振成像研究是在 1.5和4特斯拉仪器。使用功能图像获取 回波平面和更新的自旋标记方法。数据分析 使用 IDL、SPM、fidap (NIMH) 软件和更新的协方差 本节中开发的技术。 个人 PET 研究 伴有半球发育性口吃 侧化模式与对照组观察到的不同 受试者，为该疾病的病理生理学提供了模型 紊乱。这些研究发表在《Brain》上，（120：761-784， 1997）。正常受试者睡眠和清醒状态下的 PET 研究 表现出与相关的独特的大脑活动模式 每个单独的睡眠阶段。这些研究发表于 大脑（120：1173-1197，1997）和科学（279：91-95，1998）。 睡眠-觉醒 PET 数据的进一步分析已提交 发布。聋人和听力正常人士的功能 MRI 研究 表现出相似的左半球，但不同的右半球， 英语和美国手语招聘。这些 研究发表在《国家科学院院刊》上 科学 (95: 922-929, 1998) 和 Neuroreport (9:1537-42, 1998）并在《自然》杂志上发表评论。正常志愿者的 PET 研究 表现出独特的大脑激活模式 言语的运动和语言要素以及显着差异 对于命题语音与自动语音。人体 PET 研究 精通英语和美国手语 (ASL) 表现出强大的左半球偏侧化 口语和手语；半球内差异为 然而，发现这似乎反映了语言和 英语和美国手语之间运动表达的差异。宠物 对痉挛性发声困难患者的研究表明， 运动和前运动皮质和基底层的活动模式 神经节提出了运动的病理生理学模型 这种疾病的功能障碍。这些研究的结果正在 准备出版。神经影像的新分析方法 由该部门的成员制定。功能性核磁共振 高级语言理解和语义研究 目前正在进行处理。 ASL 生产的 PET 研究 聋哑人的科目正在完成。 fMRI 和 PET 研究 帕金森病仍在继续。