Development of Visual Function

视觉功能的发展

• 批准号: 8685694
• 负责人: Lynne Kiorpes
• 金额: $ 13.57万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-01 至 2014-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8685694
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Affect; Afferent Neurons; Age; Age Factors; Amblyopia; Animal Model; Animals; Anisometropia; Area; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Birth; Cells; Child; Child Development; Crowding; Development; Developmental Process; Discrimination; Disease; Evaluation; Eye; Family; Future; Goals; Human; Intervention; Investigation; Learning; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Nature; Neurons; Outcome; Perception; Perceptual learning; Performance; Physiological; Physiology; Prevention strategy; Process; Property; Psychological Transfer; Psychophysics; Relative (related person); Risk; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Social Welfare; Source; Staging; Stimulus; Strabismus; Structure; Testing; Training; Vision; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; awake; clinical practice; developmental disease; disability; experience; improved; insight; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; nonhuman primate; prevent; relating to nervous system; response; tool; treatment strategy; visual information; visual performance

The goals of this work are to establish the value of perceptual learning as a treatment strategy for amblyopia, and to evaluate a new hypothesis for the neural mechanism underlying amblyopia. We study a nonhuman primate model for the human visual system so that we can study developmental processes and treatment strategies without compromising the visual welfare of any child, and so that we can directly assess the underlying neural correlates of developmental visual disability. The proposed work addresses two general areas of investigation: the value of perceptual learning as a treatment option for amblyopia, and the idea that amblyopia is a deficit in decoding at a high level in the perceptual processing hierarchy. This work builds on our prior behavioral and neurophysiological studies showing that the encoding of visual information by the amblyopic visual system is relatively normal and cannot account for the high-order perceptual losses evident in amblyopes. Perceptual learning has recently been demonstrated to be beneficial for improving visual performance in adult amblyopes. We will establish whether or not perceptual learning is a viable, effective, long-lasting treatment option for amblyopia by providing extensive visual experience at different ages with challenging, integrative perceptual tasks, and assessing the degree of transfer of the training effects to other perceptual abilities and the relative permanence of the effects. We will also study the development of crowding and assess the effects of visual experience on the degree or "critical span" of crowding. Our working hypothesis is that the fundamental disorder in amblyopia is one of decoding of the encoded sensory information. We further hypothesize that the decoding deficit occurs at a high level in the visual system, probably beyond MT and V4, and similarly affects many perceptual processes. We propose to evaluate the nature of the decoding abnormality in amblyopes by measuring the perceptual template, evaluating the effects of perceptual learning on the template, and recording the effect of perceptual learning on the neurons that contribute to the perceptual decision. The proposed work employs a combination of psychophysical and physiological methods to evaluate the neural correlates of amblyopia and associated perceptual abnormalities. We study normal development as well as amblyopia to learn about the important constraints on adult perception. Our work will inform efforts to prevent amblyopia development in children and, through the development of child-friendly training tools, more effectively treat the disorder.

这项工作的目标是确定感知学习作为弱视的治疗策略的价值，并评估弱视潜在的神经机制的新假设。我们研究了人类视觉系统的非人类灵长类动物模型，以便我们可以研究发育过程和治疗策略，而不会损害任何儿童的视觉福利，因此我们可以直接评估发展视觉残疾的潜在神经相关性。拟议的工作介绍了两个一般调查领域：感知学习作为弱视的治疗选择的价值，以及弱视是感知处理层次结构高水平解码的赤字。这项工作以我们先前的行为和神经生理学研究为基础，表明弱视视觉系统对视觉信息的编码相对正常，无法说明弱视中明显的高阶知觉损失。最近已证明知觉学习有益于改善成人弱视的视觉表现。我们将通过在不同年龄的不同年龄提供充分的视觉体验，并评估培训效应对其他感知能力的转移程度以及影响相对持久的影响，从而确定感知学习是否是弱视的可行，有效，持久的治疗方案。我们还将研究拥挤的发展，并评估视觉体验对拥挤程度或“关键跨度”的影响。我们的工作假设是，弱视的基本障碍是解码编码的感官信息之一。我们进一步假设，解码赤字发生在视觉系统中的高水平，可能超出了MT和V4，并且类似地影响了许多感知过程。我们建议通过测量感知模板，评估感知学习对模板的影响，并记录感知学习对有助于感知决策的神经元的影响，以评估弱视中解码异常的性质。拟议的工作采用了心理物理和生理方法的组合来评估弱视和相关感知异常的神经相关性。我们研究正常的发展和弱视，以了解成人感知的重要限制。我们的工作将为防止儿童弱视发展以及通过开发儿童友好培训工具的努力提供帮助，从而更有效地治疗该疾病。