DEVELOPMENT OF VISUAL EFFICIENCY

视觉效率的发展

• 批准号: 6277546
• 负责人: Lynne Kiorpes
• 金额: $ 7.23万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-05-01 至 1999-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6277546
• 关键词: Mammalia; Primates; congenital disorders; eye; growth /development; psychology

The goal of this research is to uncover the neuronal mechanisms that limit the development of visual performance in primates. Recent advances in visual psychophysics and theory have made it possible to formulate questions about visual development in the same terms used to analyze adult vision, and we are conducting experiments to explore the neurobiology of development in these functional terms. The experiments in this project hinge on the measurement of visual efficiency, the fidelity with which contrast is encoded in the visual system. Contrast thresholds measured behaviorally in the presence or absence of masking noise are assessed in infant macaques as a function of age. We confirmed that, as the animals mature, visual efficiency improves with contrast sensitivity. To try to establish the underlying mechanisms we recorded from neurons in lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and primary visual cortex (V1) in newborns. We found that the degree of improvement in sensitivity and resolution of neurons in LGN was not substantial enough to account for the behaviorally measured changes. Our recordings in V1 are as yet quite preliminary, but we expect to find a greater degree of maturation in V1 than we found at the level of the LGN. In addition to these studies, we have begun to measure the development of sensitivity to visual motion in primates. We plan to study the maturation of visual motion processing areas in the cortex to understand the maturational processes that underlie visual motion processing in infants.

这项研究的目的是发现神经元机制 这限制了灵长类动物中视觉性能的发展。 最近的 视觉心理物理学和理论的进步使得 以相同的术语来提出有关视觉发展的问题 分析成人视力，我们正在进行实验以探索 这些功能术语的神经生物学。 这 该项目的实验取决于视觉的测量 效率，在视觉中编码对比的忠诚度 系统。 对比阈值在存在下行为衡量或 在婴儿猕猴中评估缺乏掩蔽噪声作为功能 年龄。 我们确认，随着动物的成熟，视觉效率 具有对比度灵敏度的改善。 试图建立 我们从侧向的神经元中记录的底层机制 新生儿中的细胞核（LGN）和一级视觉皮层（V1）。 我们发现 提高灵敏度和解决程度 LGN中的神经元不足以说明 行为测量的变化。 我们在V1中的录音尚未 初步，但我们希望在 V1比我们在LGN级别发现的V1。 除了这些 研究，我们已经开始衡量对 灵长类动物中的视觉运动。 我们计划研究视觉的成熟 皮质中的运动处理区域了解成熟 婴儿的视觉运动处理的过程。