Development of function in extrastriate visual cortex

纹状体视觉皮层功能的发育

• 批准号: 9116167
• 负责人: Lynne Kiorpes
• 金额: $ 51.76万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9116167
• 关键词: Adult; Age; Agnosia; Amblyopia; Animals; Area; Autistic Disorder; Behavioral; Behavioral Assay; Biological Assay; Blindness; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive deficits; Complex; Data; Development; Event; Form Perception; Foundations; Goals; Health; Human; Image; Individual; Infant; Link; Macaca; Measures; Memory; Monkeys; Motion; Nervous system structure; Neurons; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Population; Preparation; Primates; Process; Property; Psychophysics; Research; Role; Sensory; Series; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Stream; Structure; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Texture; Time; V2 neuron; Vision; Vision Disorders; Visual; Visual Fields; Williams Syndrome; Work; area V1; area V2; area V4; area striata; awake; base; course development; density; developmental disease; developmental plasticity; disability; experience; extrastriate visual cortex; information processing; multi-electrode arrays; neurodevelopment; neuron development; object recognition; perceptual organization; receptive field; relating to nervous system; research study; response; visual neuroscience; visual process; visual processing

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A central goal of visual neuroscience is to understand how the brain supports perception. A powerful approach to studying the relationship between brain function and perception is to study the processes in parallel during development. Visual function is poor in infants and emerges over different developmental trajectories depending on the type of visual function. The distinct developmental time courses for different functions provide a unique opportunity to directly evaluate the link between brain development and perception, provided there is a clear hypothesis about the neural underpinnings of the perceptual ability. We have identified such a connection between perception of natural scenes and visual forms, and areas V2 and V4 in the primate brain. We propose three interrelated sets of experiments to explore the links between the development of naturalistic texture sensitivity and the functional development of these visual areas. First, we will study psychophysical and non-invasive high-density evoked response measures of sensitivity to texture and form stimuli longitudinally in individual infant macaques, to elucidate the developmental time courses for this perceptual ability. We propose the hdEEG assay as an adjunct to the psychophysics which can bridge our results directly to human infants. Second, we will directly assess neurophysiologically the development of neural response properties and receptive field organization of area V2 and the specific responses of V2 neurons to the same natural and naturalistic texture stimuli. We will use both anesthetized and awake preparations to fully characterize this process. The awake recordings will be conducted in parallel with behavioral assays in the same individuals to directly correlate behavioral and neural development. Third, we will study the development of neural sensitivity of area V4 to natural scenes and their underlying statistical properties, as well as thir ability to differentially signal the structure of suitable form stimuli. These experiments will advance our understanding of the role of V2 and V4 in support of 1) perceptual organization abilities, such as scene segmentation, object recognition, and global form perception, 2) the cascade of information processing between primary visual cortex and downstream object processing areas such as IT, and 3) the limitations that neural development pose on the development of perception and cognition. Our greater goal is to elucidate the mechanisms by which the ventral stream processes form information and parses natural scenes.

 描述（应用程序提供）：视觉神经科学的一个核心目标是了解大脑如何支持感知。研究大脑功能和感知之间关系的强大方法是在开发过程中并行研究这些过程。婴儿在婴儿中的视觉功能很差，并且根据视觉功能的类型而出现在不同的发育轨迹上。不同功能的独特发展时间课程为直接评估大脑发展与感知之间的联系提供了独特的机会，只要有关于感知能力的神经基础的明确假设。我们已经确定了对自然场景和视觉形式的感知与初级大脑中V2和V4区域之间的联系。我们提出了三组相互关联的实验集，以探索自然纹理敏感性的发展与这些视觉区域的功能发展之间的联系。首先，我们将研究心理物理和非侵入性的高密度诱发反应度量对质地的敏感性，并在个体婴儿猕猴中纵向形成刺激，以阐明这种感知能力的发育时间课程。我们建议HDEEG分析作为心理物理学的辅助，可以将我们的结果直接桥接给人类婴儿。其次，我们将直接从神经生理学上评估神经响应特性和V2区域的接受现场组织的发展以及V2神经元对相同自然和自然主义纹理刺激的特定反应。我们将使用麻醉和清醒的准备工作来充分表征此过程。清醒记录将与同一个人的行为分析并行进行直接进行 相关行为和神经发育。第三，我们将研究区域V4对自然场景及其潜在统计特性的神经敏感性的发展，以及对合适形式刺激的结构的不同信号。这些实验将促进我们对V2和V4在支持1）感知组织能力的作用的理解，例如场景细分，对象识别和全球形式感知，2）主要视觉皮层和下游对象处理区域（例如IT）之间的信息处理的级联，以及3）对感知和感知发展的中性发展的局限性。我们更大的目标是阐明腹流过程形成信息并解析自然场景的机制。