Molecular Ecology of Neotropical Anophelines in the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon

秘鲁和巴西亚马逊地区新热带按蚊的分子生态学

• 批准号: 8005389
• 负责人: Jan E Conn
• 金额: $ 21.45万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8005389
• 关键词: Adult; Agriculture; Amazona; Anopheles Genus; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Bite; Brazil; Competence; Complex; Contracts; Culicidae; Data; Deforestation; Diagnostic; Disease Outbreaks; Ecological Change; Ecology; Evaluation; Female; Genes; Genetic Drift; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Goals; Hand; Human; Human Bites; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Instruction; Link; Linkage Disequilibrium; Maintenance; Malaria; Measures; Methods; Microsatellite Repeats; Mining; Modeling; Molecular; Monitor; Nuclear; Pattern; Peru; Plasmodium; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Population; Population Sizes; Prevalence; Probability; Publications; Research; Resistance; Resources; Risk; Risk Assessment; Services; Site; South America; Structure; Surveys; Techniques; Testing; Time; Work; forest; frontier; interest; member; molecular site; transmission process; vector; vector control

PROJECT SUMMARY (See instructions): The importance ofthe Anopheles vector in malaria transmission is evident in the continued efforts to limit, modify, or eliminate populations of anophelines. In our epidemiologically diverse study sites (Peru, Brazil) we will focus on the molecular ecology ofthe most anthropophilic Neotropical malaria vector, Anopheles darlingi, and, identify additional local/regional vectors that our preliminary data suggest are important. We hypothesize that in the mining sites aroimd Puerto Maldonado in SE Peru, and in the new agricultural settlement, Remansinho, Acrelandia, as deforestation increases, so will the importance of An. darlingi in transmission and maintenance. This has not previously been carefully monitored, except along the Iquitos-Nauta HW, and we anticipate providing up-to-date risk assessment of each ofthe localities where we will work. The identification of adult female mosquitoes using standard keys is problematic, and PCR-ITS2-RFLP assays have been implemented on a local scale aroimd Iquitos. We will expand these assays to include our study sites in SE Peru and Acrelandia. Accurate species identification will provide information on changes in species composition over time, which also might alter risk of transmission. Using microsatellite markers that we have in hand (for An. darlingi) or will develop (for other local/regional vectors) we will test for changes in genotype, population structure and evidence of expansion, particularly in the most modified sites (mining, agriculture). An. darlingi is diverging into northem and southem lineages that we detected with the nuclear white gene. We developed a diagnostic PCR-RFLP assay to survey An. darlngi to determine the lineage distributions, because genetic differentiation could signify differences in vector competence, ecology or behavior. As bednets or ITNs become more acceptable, in some situations nets alone may provoke a behavioral change in the biting times of vector species, and the ITNs can influence levels of mosquito insecticide resistance. We will monitor peak biting times, biting rate, insecticide resistance, and changes in genetic diversity and effective population size to provide baseline data for evaluation, data that are currently unavailable in most ofthe Amazon. We will use a newly developed mosquito trap that reduces risk to collectors

项目摘要（请参阅说明）： 在持续限制，修改或消除止血管种群的努力中，肛门向量在疟疾传播中的重要性是显而易见的。在我们流行病学上多样化的研究地点（秘鲁，巴西），我们将重点关注最拟人化的新热带疟疾媒介，Anopheles Darlingi的分子生态学，并确定我们的初步数据表明的其他局部/区域媒介很重要。我们假设，在秘鲁的矿业地点Aroimd Puerto Maldonado，以及随着森林砍伐的增加，在新的农业定居点，雷曼尼奥，随着森林砍伐的增加，AN的重要性也会增加。 Darlingi在传输和维护中。除非沿着Iquitos-Nauta HW，否则此前尚未经过仔细的监控，我们预计将对我们将在其中工作的每个地区提供最新的风险评估。使用标准键鉴定成年女性蚊子是有问题的，并且PCR-ITS2-RFLP测定已在局部规模的AROIMD IQUITOS上实施。我们将扩大这些测定法，以包括在秘鲁和Acrelandia的研究地点。准确的物种鉴定将提供有关物种组成随时间变化的信息，这也可能改变传播风险。使用我们手中拥有的微卫星标记（对于darlingi）或将开发（对于其他局部/区域矢量），我们将测试基因型，种群结构和扩张的证据的变化，尤其是在最修改的地点（采矿，农业）中。一个。达令（Darlingi）在我们用核白色基因检测到的北部和北部谱系中分歧。我们开发了诊断性的PCR-RFLP测定法来调查AN。 darlngi确定谱系分布，因为遗传分化可以表示媒介能力，生态学或行为的差异。随着床头或ITN变得越来越可以接受，在某些情况下，网络可能会引起媒介物种的刺激时期的行为变化，并且ITN会影响蚊子杀虫剂耐药性的水平。我们将监控峰值叮咬时间，咬合率，抗杀虫剂的耐药性以及遗传多样性和有效人口规模的变化，以提供用于评估的基线数据，这些数据目前在亚马逊大部分地区都无法使用。我们将使用新开发的蚊子陷阱，以降低收藏家的风险