Latitudinal landscape genomics and ecology of Anopheles darlingi

达林按蚊纬度景观基因组学和生态学

• 批准号: 9273889
• 负责人: Jan E Conn
• 金额: $ 33.84万
• 依托单位: WADSWORTH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-15 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9273889
• 关键词: Accounting; Age; Agriculture; Americas; Anopheles Genus; Behavioral; Brazil; Candidate Disease Gene; Characteristics; Culicidae; Data; Deforestation; Detection; Development; Disease Outbreaks; Ecology; Ecosystem; Entomology; Environment; Epidemiology; Evaluation; Experimental Designs; Exposure to; Genetic; Genetic Drift; Genetic Structures; Genetic Variation; Genome; Genomics; Genotype; Geography; Goals; Guidelines; Habitats; Health; Immunity; Incidence; Individual; Infection; Invaded; Latin America; Latin American; Link; Malaria; Methods; Natural Selections; Parasites; Parasitic Diseases; Pattern; Phenotype; Plasmodium; Plasticizers; Population; Predisposition; Process; Proxy; Public Health; Reaction; Research; Risk; Role; Structure; Temperature; Testing; Variant; Work; base; behavioral plasticity; comparative genomics; experimental study; forest; frontier; genomic signature; human migration; indexing; innovation; life history; malaria transmission; novel; public health relevance; reproductive; reproductive success; response; success; trait; transmission process; vector; vector control

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary Amazonian malaria vector Anopheles darlingi has the ability to adapt quickly to micro- geographic changes resulting from novel environmental conditions such as those encountered in agricultural settlements. Therefore, it is a substantial health threat in Latin America. This proposal examines three understudied aspects of An. darlingi to identify the main mechanism responsible for its success in transmission: broad plasticity or genetic specialization. First, we will test the Frontier Malaria Hypothesis (FMH), tht settlement age predicts malaria incidence, by explicitly separating the effects of settlement age and forest cover. We will use a state-of-the art ecologically-based experimental design that compares environmental variables in three levels of forest cover and two habitat types in both new and old settlements in two regions of Amazonian Brazil. Entomological metrics, most notably the entomological inoculation rate (EIR), will be compared among 12 settlements. We anticipate that a modified FMH, that accounts for both age and forest cover, will provide stronger predictive power for the invasiveness of An. darlingi and other vectors in a wide range of fragmented landscape types. Secondly, we will compare population genomics of An. darlingi exposed to (i) different levels of Plasmodium in the endemic Amazonian region versus southern Brazil where malaria is rare, and (ii) environmental variables in multiple Amazonian settlements. Development of SNPs across the An. darlingi genome will allow us to determine whether populations of An. darlingi differ in their genetic capacity to resist Plasmodium and to discover genomic signatures of selection among populations and regions. Thirdly, we will conduct life-history experiments that focus on the reaction norms to temperature of traits that are directly linked to vectorial capacity. We will test for regional genetic variation for traits and their plasticities, and evaluate whether there has been selection for these differences. By providing original data on the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics integral to the rapid response of An. darlingi to landscape fragmentation, our work will have a significant impact on frontier malaria in the Amazon and in other similar settings. The proposed work is conceptually innovative because it links landscape fragmentation, genetics and life-history traits with the precise localities that are likely to become foci of increased transmission. It is technically innovative because of the use of a next-gen RADseq method to evaluate populations of An. darlingi from localities with varying exposure to Plasmodium. Our long-term goal is to predict where and when An. darlingi populations will expand, resulting in new foci of malaria risk.

描述（由申请人提供）：主要的亚马逊疟疾媒介达林按蚊能够快速适应由新的环境条件（例如农业定居点中遇到的环境条件）引起的微地理变化。因此，它是拉丁美洲的重大健康威胁。该提案研究了 An 的三个未充分研究的方面。 darlingi 以确定其成功传播的主要机制：广泛的可塑性或遗传专业化。首先，我们将通过明确区分定居年龄和森林覆盖率的影响来检验前沿疟疾假说（FMH），即定居年龄可以预测疟疾发病率。我们将使用最先进的基于生态的实验设计，比较巴西亚马逊流域两个地区新旧定居点的三个森林覆盖水平和两种栖息地类型的环境变量。昆虫学指标，尤其是昆虫学接种率 (EIR)，将在 12 个定居点之间进行比较。我们预计，考虑年龄和森林覆盖率的改良 FMH 将为 An. 的入侵提供更强的预测能力。 darlingi 和其他载体在各种分散的景观类型中。其次，我们将比较 An 的群体基因组学。 darlingi 暴露于 (i) 流行的亚马逊地区与疟疾罕见的巴西南部不同水平的疟原虫，以及 (ii) 多个亚马逊定居点的环境变量。整个 An 中 SNP 的开发。 darlingi 基因组将使我们能够确定 An. 的种群是否存在。 darlingi 的不同之处在于它们抵抗疟原虫的遗传能力以及发现种群和地区选择的基因组特征的能力。第三，我们将进行生活史实验，重点关注与矢量容量直接相关的性状对温度的反应规范。我们将测试性状的区域遗传变异及其可塑性，并评估这些差异是否存在选择。通过提供有关 An 快速反应不可或缺的基因型和表型特征的原始数据。从达林吉到景观破碎化，我们的工作将对亚马逊和其他类似地区的边境疟疾产生重大影响。拟议的工作在概念上具有创新性，因为它将景观破碎化、遗传学和生活史特征与可能成为传播增加焦点的精确地点联系起来。它在技术上具有创新性，因为使用了下一代 RADseq 方法来评估 An 群体。来自不同地区接触疟原虫的达林吉。我们的长期目标是预测 An 出现的地点和时间。达林吉人口将会增加，导致新的疟疾风险焦点。