Latitudinal Landscape Genomics and Ecology of Anopheles Darlingi

达林按蚊纬度景观基因组学和生态学

• 批准号: 10468864
• 负责人: Jan E Conn
• 金额: $ 38.12万
• 依托单位: WADSWORTH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-15 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10468864
• 关键词: Affect; Agriculture; Anopheles Genus; Anopheles gambiae; Atlases; Automobile Driving; Blood; Brazil; Case Study; Categories; Characteristics; Collection; Copy Number Polymorphism; Country; Coupled; Coupling; DNA Resequencing; Data; Deforestation; Demography; Ecology; Economic Development; Elements; Entomology; Female; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Drift; Genetic Markers; Genetic Polymorphism; Genetic Variation; Genome; Genomics; Geographic Locations; Goals; Gold; Habitats; Household; Human; Individual; Interruption; Intervention; Knowledge; Latin America; Lead; Link; Maintenance; Malaria; Measurable; Measures; Mining; Nature; Nucleotides; Panama; Parasitic Diseases; Pattern; Population; Population Genetics; Population Sizes; Precipitation; Prevalence; Public Health; Rain; Reporting; Resistance; Rest; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Rural; Sampling; Signal Transduction; Single Nucleotide Polymorphism; Socioeconomic Factors; South America; Structure; Surveys; Temperature; Testing; Time; Variant; Vectorial capacity; Venezuela; anthropogenesis; base; forest; genome sequencing; genome-wide; genomic signature; improved; indexing; insight; land cover; land use; life history; malaria transmission; mosquito-borne; parity; pressure; public health relevance; reference genome; regional difference; socioeconomics; sugar; transmission process; vector; whole genome

Project Summary Despite major progress in malaria reduction in Latin America from 2005-2015, malaria cases have again increased to nearly one million in the last few years, with 75% of these cases reported in Venezuela and Brazil. We emphasize that ecological variables (such as ecotones and land use classes) that impact the primary neotropical vector Anopheles darlingi (in Brazil and Venezuela) and the regional vector An. albitarsis s.l. (equal in importance to An. darlingi in Venezuela) are largely unquantified or unidentified, constituting a major information gap. The premise of the proposed study is that human-modified landscape types (riverine, mining, agricultural) in persistent malaria hotspots differ significantly in measurable determinants of transmission (ecological, entomological, socioeconomic). Quantification of these determinants in landscape types in Venezuela and Brazil is essential for malaria surveillance to facilitate local targeted interventions to most effectively reduce transmission. Coupling these measures with landscape genomics, we propose to identify and quantify, in a spatially explicit way, landscape features affecting microevolution of malaria vectors. This will provide new insights into local vector adaptation in heterogeneous landscapes, and will help determine why neotropical malaria hotspots persist, at times over multiple years, in certain geographic locations. We hypothesize that the ecological drivers of abundance, proliferation and survival in An. darlingi and An. albitarsis s.l. will differ significantly due to unique ecological signatures (niches) of each species. We anticipate that our findings will provide new information about differential habitat suitability that can be applied throughout the broad and largely overlapping distributions of An. darlingi and An. albitarsis s.l. Polymorphism discovery through whole genome resequencing, integrated with measures of entomological and socioeconomic factors that intensify human-vector contact, will reveal the evolutionary genetic basis of factors promoting vector proliferation and connectivity among vector populations, allowing for more effective vector surveillance. A key remaining issue in our understanding of the role of An. darlingi landscape genomics in malaria transmission is whether gene flow contributes to rapid adaptation and colonization of deforested/degraded habitats throughout the Amazon Basin. We will employ landscape genomics at a regional scale in both Brazil and Venezuela to test whether An. darlingi maintains genetic connectivity or is isolated by resistance across ecotones punctuated by high forest cover. Whereas population genetic surveys based on RADseq or individual genes can detect overall population structure, whole genome sequencing studies have shown that these limited surveys may miss important patterns of ancestry, gene flow and evidence of adaptation (Anopheles gambiae 1000 Genomes Consortium 2017). Herein we present an integrated approach to identify and quantify ecological, entomological and socioeconomic drivers of malaria transmission, based on multi-scale analysis of An. darlingi and An. albitarsis s.l. collected under natural field conditions.

项目概要 尽管 2005 年至 2015 年拉丁美洲在减少疟疾方面取得了重大进展，但疟疾病例再次 过去几年增加到近 100 万例，其中 75% 的病例发生在委内瑞拉和巴西。 我们强调影响主要生态系统的生态变量（例如生态交错带和土地利用类别） 新热带病媒达林按蚊（Anopheles darlingi）（巴西和委内瑞拉）和区域病媒An。阿尔比塔西斯有限公司（平等的 对于 An 来说很重要。委内瑞拉的 darlingi）在很大程度上是未量化或未识别的，构成了主要的 信息差距。本研究的前提是人类改变的景观类型（河流、采矿、 持续性疟疾热点地区的农业）在可测量的传播决定因素方面存在显着差异 （生态学、昆虫学、社会经济学）。景观类型中这些决定因素的量化 委内瑞拉和巴西对于疟疾监测至关重要，以促进对大多数人进行当地有针对性的干预措施 有效减少传播。将这些措施与景观基因组学结合起来，我们建议确定 并以空间明确的方式量化影响疟疾媒介微进化的景观特征。这将 为异质景观中的局部病媒适应提供新的见解，并将有助于确定原因 新热带疟疾热点有时在某些地理位置持续存在多年。我们 假设An的丰富、增殖和生存的生态驱动因素。达林吉和安.白跗 s.l.由于每个物种独特的生态特征（生态位），将存在显着差异。我们预计我们的 研究结果将提供有关差异栖息地适宜性的新信息，可在整个过程中应用 An 的分布广泛且很大程度上重叠。达林吉和安.阿尔比塔西斯有限公司多态性发现 通过全基因组重测序，结合昆虫学和社会经济因素的测量 加强人类与媒介的接触，将揭示促进媒介的因素的进化遗传基础 病媒种群之间的扩散和连通性，从而实现更有效的病媒监测。一把钥匙 我们对 An 角色的理解仍然存在问题。疟疾传播中的达林吉景观基因组学是 基因流动是否有助于整个森林砍伐/退化栖息地的快速适应和殖民化 亚马逊盆地。我们将在巴西和委内瑞拉的区域范围内采用景观基因组学 测试是否 An. darlingi 保持遗传连通性或因跨生态交错带的耐药性而被隔离 其特点是森林覆盖率高。而基于 RADseq 或个体基因的群体遗传调查 可以检测整体种群结构，全基因组测序研究表明，这些有限的 调查可能会遗漏重要的祖先模式、基因流和适应证据（冈比亚按蚊 1000 基因组联盟 2017）。在此，我们提出了一种综合方法来识别和量化 疟疾传播的生态、昆虫学和社会经济驱动因素，基于多尺度分析 一个。达林吉和安.阿尔比塔西斯有限公司在自然野外条件下采集。