Latitudinal landscape genomics and ecology of Anopheles darlingi

达林按蚊纬度景观基因组学和生态学

• 批准号: 8773994
• 负责人: Jan E Conn
• 金额: $ 32.83万
• 依托单位: WADSWORTH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-15 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8773994
• 关键词: Accounting; Age; Agriculture; American; Americas; Anopheles Genus; Behavioral; Brazil; Candidate Disease Gene; Characteristics; Culicidae; Data; Data Analyses; Deforestation; Detection; Development; Disease Outbreaks; Ecology; Ecosystem; Environment; Epidemiology; Evaluation; Experimental Designs; Exposure to; Genetic; Genetic Drift; Genetic Structures; Genetic Variation; Genome; Genomics; Goals; Guidelines; Habitats; Health; Immunity; Incidence; Individual; Infection; Invaded; Latin America; Link; Malaria; Methods; Metric; Natural Selections; Parasites; Parasitic Diseases; Pattern; Plasmodium; Plastics; Population; Predisposition; Process; Proxy; Public Health; Reaction; Relative (related person); Research; Risk; Role; Structure; Temperature; Testing; Variant; Work; base; comparative genomics; forest; frontier; human migration; indexing; innovation; life history; novel; public health relevance; reproductive; reproductive success; research study; response; success; trait; transmission process; vector; vector control

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary Amazonian malaria vector Anopheles darlingi has the ability to adapt quickly to micro- geographic changes resulting from novel environmental conditions such as those encountered in agricultural settlements. Therefore, it is a substantial health threat in Latin America. This proposal examines three understudied aspects of An. darlingi to identify the main mechanism responsible for its success in transmission: broad plasticity or genetic specialization. First, we will test the Frontier Malaria Hypothesis (FMH), tht settlement age predicts malaria incidence, by explicitly separating the effects of settlement age and forest cover. We will use a state-of-the art ecologically-based experimental design that compares environmental variables in three levels of forest cover and two habitat types in both new and old settlements in two regions of Amazonian Brazil. Entomological metrics, most notably the entomological inoculation rate (EIR), will be compared among 12 settlements. We anticipate that a modified FMH, that accounts for both age and forest cover, will provide stronger predictive power for the invasiveness of An. darlingi and other vectors in a wide range of fragmented landscape types. Secondly, we will compare population genomics of An. darlingi exposed to (i) different levels of Plasmodium in the endemic Amazonian region versus southern Brazil where malaria is rare, and (ii) environmental variables in multiple Amazonian settlements. Development of SNPs across the An. darlingi genome will allow us to determine whether populations of An. darlingi differ in their genetic capacity to resist Plasmodium and to discover genomic signatures of selection among populations and regions. Thirdly, we will conduct life-history experiments that focus on the reaction norms to temperature of traits that are directly linked to vectorial capacity. We will test for regional genetic variation for traits and their plasticities, and evaluate whether there has been selection for these differences. By providing original data on the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics integral to the rapid response of An. darlingi to landscape fragmentation, our work will have a significant impact on frontier malaria in the Amazon and in other similar settings. The proposed work is conceptually innovative because it links landscape fragmentation, genetics and life-history traits with the precise localities that are likely to become foci of increased transmission. It is technically innovative because of the use of a next-gen RADseq method to evaluate populations of An. darlingi from localities with varying exposure to Plasmodium. Our long-term goal is to predict where and when An. darlingi populations will expand, resulting in new foci of malaria risk.

描述（由申请人提供）：主要的亚马逊疟疾媒介媒介darlingi具有迅速适应由新的环境条件（例如农业定居点遇到的环境条件）造成的微观变化。因此，这是拉丁美洲的重大健康威胁。该提案研究了AN的三个研究研究。达令（Darlingi）确定负责其传播成功的主要机制：广泛的可塑性或遗传专业化。首先，我们将通过明确分开定居年龄和森林覆盖的影响来测试定居年龄预测疟疾发生率的前沿疟疾假设（FMH）。我们将使用基于生态的最先进的实验设计，该设计比较了亚马逊巴西两个地区的三个层次森林覆盖层和两种栖息地类型的环境变量。昆虫学指标，最著名的是昆虫学接种率（EIR），将在12个定居点之间进行比较。我们预计，经过修改的FMH（涉及年龄和森林覆盖率）将为AN的侵入性提供更强的预测能力。 Darlingi和其他媒介中有各种零散的景观类型。其次，我们将比较An的人群基因组学。达令（Darlingi）暴露于（i）疟疾罕见的地方性亚马逊地区与巴西南部地区的不同水平的疟原虫，以及（ii）多个亚马逊定居点的环境变量。跨An的SNP的开发。 Darlingi基因组将使我们能够确定An的种群。达令（Darlingi）的遗传能力有所不同，可以抵抗疟原虫，并发现人群和地区选择的基因组特征。第三，我们将进行生活历史实验，这些实验集中在与媒介能力直接相关的性状温度的反应规范上。我们将测试特征及其可塑性的区域遗传变异，并评估是否已经选择了这些差异。通过提供有关AN快速响应不可或缺的基因型和表型特征的原始数据。达令（Darlingi）到景观碎片化，我们的工作将对亚马逊和其他类似环境中的边境疟疾产生重大影响。拟议的工作在概念上是创新的，因为它将景观碎片，遗传学和生活历史特征与可能成为增加传播的焦点的确切地区联系起来。由于使用下一代RadSeq方法来评估AN的种群，因此在技术上具有创新性。 darlingi来自疟原虫暴露的地方。我们的长期目标是预测何时何地。达令人口将扩大，从而导致疟疾风险的新焦点。