Malaria Vector Biology in Brazil: Genetics and Ecology

巴西的疟疾媒介生物学：遗传学和生态学

• 批准号: 7372051
• 负责人: Jan E Conn
• 金额: $ 59.13万
• 依托单位: WADSWORTH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-06-01 至 2013-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7372051
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Anopheles Genus; Area; Biological; Biological Assay; Biological Markers; Biology; Bite; Blood; Boa; Brazil; Breeding; Case Study; Central America; Classification; Climate; Colombia; Complex; Coupled; Culicidae; Cytology; Data; Demography; Depth; Ecology; Evaluation; Evolution; Gene Structure; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Markers; Genetic Structures; Genetic Vectors; Goals; Habitats; Health; Heterogeneity; Human; Human Bites; Infection; Intervention; Invasive; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Link; Malaria; Methods; Microsatellite Repeats; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial DNA; Modeling; Molecular; Nuclear; Outcome; Pattern; Play; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Population; Population Analysis; Population Distributions; Population Genetics; Population Study; Public Health; Rate; Recommendation; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Rivers; Role; Rural Community; Sampling; Site; Source; South America; Structure; Taxon; Techniques; Testing; Time; Variant; anthropogenesis; base; design; experience; forest; frontier; improved; innovation; member; novel; research study; segregation; tool; transmission process; vector; vector mosquito

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Malaria remains a devastating health problem in endemic malaria regions of Brazil and Colombia with over 600,000 annual cases reported. Our ecological and evolutionary evidence indicate that the underlying biological complexity among anopheline vectors plays a significant role in continued malaria transmission in the Neotropics. We have convincing data from peri-urban settings that Anopheles marajoara of the Albitarsis Complex increases in importance and even replaces the primary malaria vector An. darlingi in NE Amazonian Brazil, although An. darlingi continues to be important in frontier and riverine settlements. We have described a new malaria vector, Anopheles albitarsis E, from peri-urban savanna in northern Amazonian Brazil. We hypothesize that An. marajoara is restricted to moist forest and An. albitarsis E is restricted to savanna. We recently detected two new species, An. albitarsis F, from NE Colombia, and An. albitarsis G, from Central Amazonian Brazil. Both are in endemic malaria areas, and both are putative malaria vectors. Neither has been characterized. Effective biologically-informed control of Neotropical malaria vectors requires contributions from three areas: fast and accurate vector identification, population genetics and ecology. We hypothesize that distinctive patterns of malaria transmission (frontier vs. peri-urban) are often related to anthropogenic habitat alterations that differentially favor various vector species that have distinct ecological requirements. We propose to evaluate the taxonomic status of several newly detected species with crossing experiments and cytology, and for rapid field identification, we will improve our molecular markers to more easily distinguish among all species in the Albitarsis Complex. We will test our hypothesis of habitat segregation between An. marajoara and An. darlingi by breeding site characterization. We will assess the importance of An. marajoara, An. albitarsis F, and An. darlingi in peri-urban endemic malaria localities in Colombia through evaluation of species abundance, biting time, infection and host selection in heterogeneous habitat sites. In Brazil, we determined that population structure and history differ substantially for An. darlingi and An. marajoara. We will use data from transects to evaluate the roles of climatic variables and highways vs. rivers in distribution, population structure and gene flow in each species. Project Narrative: Malaria is one of the most important public health problems in Brazil and Colombia. A better understanding of the ecology and evolution of the mosquito vectors, the objects of this study, will help to reduce human-mosquito contact and malaria, which disproportionately affects the poorest, mostly rural communities globally.

描述（由申请人提供）：疟疾仍然是巴西和哥伦比亚地方性疟疾地区的毁灭性健康问题，报告了超过60万例年病例。我们的生态和进化证据表明，瞬间载体之间的潜在生物学复杂性在新型新型疟疾的持续传播中起着重要作用。我们令人信服的数据中，来自城市周围环境的数据是，易位型复合物的Anopheles Marajoara的重要性增加了，甚至取代了主要的疟疾载体AN。达令利在亚马逊布拉西，虽然是。达令（Darlingi）在边境和河流定居点仍然很重要。我们已经描述了来自亚马逊北部巴西的城堡萨凡纳的新疟疾媒介，Anopheles albitarsis e。我们假设这是一个。马拉乔拉（Marajoara）仅限于潮湿的森林。 Albitarsis E仅限于Savanna。我们最近发现了两个新物种，An。来自哥伦比亚NE的Albitarsis F，An。来自亚马逊中部巴西的Albitarsis G。两者都处于地方性疟疾地区，并且都是推定的疟疾媒介。都没有被描述。对新热带疟疾载体的有效生物学信息控制需要三个领域的贡献：快速，准确的载体鉴定，种群遗传学和生态学。我们假设疟疾传播的独特模式（边境与城市周围）通常与人为栖息地的改变有关，这些改变差异化，这些变化差异化了具有不同生态要求的各种载体物种。我们建议通过交叉实验和细胞学评估几个新检测到的物种的分类状态，并为快速场鉴定，我们将改善分子标记物，以更轻松地区分甲烷基复合体中的所有物种。我们将检验An之间的栖息地分离的假设。 Marajoara和darlingi通过繁殖地点表征。我们将评估AN的重要性。 Marajoara，一个。 albitarsis f，an。达令在哥伦比亚的郊区流行疟疾地区，通过评估物种丰度，咬人时间，感染和宿主在异质栖息地部位的选择。在巴西，我们确定AN的种群结构和历史有很大差异。达令和。马拉乔拉。我们将使用来自样带的数据来评估每个物种中气候变量和高速公路与河流在分布，种群结构和基因流中的作用。项目叙述：疟疾是巴西和哥伦比亚最重要的公共卫生问题之一。对本研究的对象，对蚊子载体的生态和进化有更好的了解将有助于减少人类 - 摩斯奎特的接触和疟疾，这对全球最贫穷，主要是最贫穷的农村社区的影响不成比例。