Molecular Ecology of Neotropical Anophelines in the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon

秘鲁和巴西亚马逊地区新热带按蚊的分子生态学

• 批准号: 8883344
• 负责人: Jan E Conn
• 金额: $ 22.16万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8883344
• 关键词: Adult; Agriculture; Amazona; Anopheles Genus; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Bite; Brazil; Competence; Complex; Contracts; Culicidae; Data; Deforestation; Diagnostic; Disease Outbreaks; Ecological Change; Ecology; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Evaluation; Female; Genes; Genetic Drift; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Goals; Hand; Human; Human Bites; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Instruction; Link; Linkage Disequilibrium; Maintenance; Malaria; Measures; Methods; Microsatellite Repeats; Mining; Modeling; Molecular; Monitor; Nuclear; Pattern; Peru; Plasmodium; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Population; Population Sizes; Prevalence; Probability; Publications; Research; Resources; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Risk; Risk Assessment; Services; Site; South America; Structure; Surveys; Techniques; Testing; Time; Work; forest; frontier; interest; malaria transmission; member; molecular site; resistance gene; transmission process; vector; vector control

PROJECT SUMMARY (See instructions): The importance ofthe Anopheles vector in malaria transmission is evident in the continued efforts to limit, modify, or eliminate populations of anophelines. In our epidemiologically diverse study sites (Peru, Brazil) we will focus on the molecular ecology ofthe most anthropophilic Neotropical malaria vector, Anopheles darlingi, and, identify additional local/regional vectors that our preliminary data suggest are important. We hypothesize that in the mining sites aroimd Puerto Maldonado in SE Peru, and in the new agricultural settlement, Remansinho, Acrelandia, as deforestation increases, so will the importance of An. darlingi in transmission and maintenance. This has not previously been carefully monitored, except along the Iquitos-Nauta HW, and we anticipate providing up-to-date risk assessment of each ofthe localities where we will work. The identification of adult female mosquitoes using standard keys is problematic, and PCR-ITS2-RFLP assays have been implemented on a local scale aroimd Iquitos. We will expand these assays to include our study sites in SE Peru and Acrelandia. Accurate species identification will provide information on changes in species composition over time, which also might alter risk of transmission. Using microsatellite markers that we have in hand (for An. darlingi) or will develop (for other local/regional vectors) we will test for changes in genotype, population structure and evidence of expansion, particularly in the most modified sites (mining, agriculture). An. darlingi is diverging into northem and southem lineages that we detected with the nuclear white gene. We developed a diagnostic PCR-RFLP assay to survey An. darlngi to determine the lineage distributions, because genetic differentiation could signify differences in vector competence, ecology or behavior. As bednets or ITNs become more acceptable, in some situations nets alone may provoke a behavioral change in the biting times of vector species, and the ITNs can influence levels of mosquito insecticide resistance. We will monitor peak biting times, biting rate, insecticide resistance, and changes in genetic diversity and effective population size to provide baseline data for evaluation, data that are currently unavailable in most ofthe Amazon. We will use a newly developed mosquito trap that reduces risk to collectors.

项目摘要（参见说明）： 按蚊媒介在疟疾传播中的重要性在限制、改变或消除按蚊种群的持续努力中显而易见。在我们的流行病学多样化研究地点（秘鲁、巴西），我们将重点关注最亲人的新热带疟疾媒介达林按蚊的分子生态学，并确定我们的初步数据表明重要的其他当地/区域媒介。我们假设，在秘鲁东南部马尔多纳多港的矿区以及新的农业定居点 Remansinho、Acrelandia 中，随着森林砍伐的增加，An. 的重要性也会增加。 darlingi 在传输和维护方面。除伊基托斯-诺塔公路沿线外，此前并未对此进行过仔细监测，我们预计会对我们将开展工作的每个地点提供最新的风险评估。使用标准钥匙识别成年雌性蚊子是有问题的，PCR-ITS2-RFLP 测定已在伊基托斯当地规模实施。我们将扩大这些测定，以包括我们在秘鲁东南部和 Acrelandia 的研究地点。准确的物种识别将提供有关物种组成随时间变化的信息，这也可能改变传播风险。使用我们现有的（针对达林按蚊）或将开发的（针对其他当地/区域媒介）的微卫星标记，我们将测试基因型、种群结构和扩张证据的变化，特别是在改造最多的地点（采矿业、农业） ）。一个。 darlingi 正在分化为我们用核白色基因检测到的北方和南方谱系。我们开发了一种诊断性 PCR-RFLP 检测方法来调查 An。 darlngi 来确定谱系分布，因为遗传分化可能意味着载体能力、生态或行为的差异。随着蚊帐或驱虫蚊帐变得更容易被接受，在某些情况下，单独使用蚊帐可能会引起病媒物种叮咬时间的行为变化，而驱蚊蚊帐可以影响蚊子对杀虫剂的抗药性水平。我们将监测叮咬高峰时间、叮咬率、杀虫剂抗药性以及遗传多样性和有效种群规模的变化，为评估提供基线数据，目前亚马逊大部分地区都无法获得这些数据。我们将使用新开发的捕蚊器来降低采集者的风险。