Biomechanics of slips in older adults

老年人滑倒的生物力学

基本信息

批准号：
7642322
负责人：
RAKIE CHAM
金额：
$ 29.86万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2002-08-01 至 2011-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7642322
关键词：
Biomechanics slips older adults

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Falls initiated by external perturbations such as slips, trips and stumbles are a serious health hazard to older workers. Experimental studies have provided a general description of postural responses to perturbations. However, causes of failed recovery attempts are challenging to disentangle through experiments alone due to the complexity of the postural control system and the significant degree of correlation among key gait variables. Forward simulations of postural responses during slipping will be used in conjunction with experimental data to identify subject-specific biomechanical limitations that explain why older adults slip and fall. More specifically, we will determine the extent to which the magnitude of the slip depends on gait variables that change with aging including step length and center of mass acceleration (Aim 1), strength and torque generation rate abilities (Aim 2). Finally in Aim 3, we will predict the magnitude of a slip using a multi- regression model with explanatory variables that (1) have been identified in the simulations as key variables to reduce the risk of slips and falls, and (2) can be measured in non-slippery environments. To collect the experimental data required to achieve the aims of this project, one hundred seven (N = 107) older adults between the ages of 55 and 70 years old will be recruited for participation. Subjects will walk on dry and slippery floors. Strength data will be collected in both age groups. Simulations will be based on subject- specific models of the body driven with torques generated by a physiologically motivated controller. Relevance to public health: In summary, through experiments and simulations of slipping, this project will systematically identify aging-related biomechanical limitations that predispose older workers to slip and fall. These biomechanical limitations may be the result of underlying deficits in neuromuscular control and sensory integration but they are the ultimate cause of failed recoveries from external perturbations. This fundamental knowledge is required to plan, to develop and to implement effective deficits-targeted interventions focused on minimizing the risk of falling in the workplace.

描述（由申请人提供）：由滑倒、绊倒和绊倒等外部干扰引起的跌倒对老年工人的健康构成严重危害。实验研究提供了对扰动的姿势反应的一般描述。然而，由于姿势控制系统的复杂性以及关键步态变量之间的显着相关性，仅通过实验很难解决恢复尝试失败的原因。滑倒过程中姿势反应的正向模拟将与实验数据结合使用，以确定受试者特定的生物力学限制，从而解释老年人滑倒的原因。更具体地说，我们将确定滑动幅度在多大程度上取决于随年龄变化的步态变量，包括步长和质心加速度（目标 1）、力量和扭矩生成率能力（目标 2）。最后，在目标 3 中，我们将使用多元回归模型来预测滑倒的幅度，其中的解释变量 (1) 已在模拟中确定为降低滑倒和跌倒风险的关键变量，(2) 可以是在防滑环境下测量。为了收集实现该项目目标所需的实验数据，将招募一百七名（N = 107）年龄在55岁至70岁之间的老年人参与。受试者将在干燥且湿滑的地板上行走。将收集两个年龄组的力量数据。模拟将基于由生理驱动控制器产生的扭矩驱动的特定于受试者的身体模型。与公共卫生的相关性：总之，通过滑倒的实验和模拟，该项目将系统地识别与衰老相关的生物力学限制，这些限制使老年工人容易滑倒和跌倒。这些生物力学限制可能是神经肌肉控制和感觉统合潜在缺陷的结果，但它们是外部扰动恢复失败的最终原因。需要这些基础知识来规划、制定和实施有效的针对缺陷的干预措施，重点是最大限度地减少工作场所跌倒的风险。