Biomechanics of slips in older adults

老年人滑倒的生物力学

• 批准号: 7489856
• 负责人: RAKIE CHAM
• 金额: $ 29.57万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7489856
• 关键词: Biomechanics; slips; older; adults

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Falls initiated by external perturbations such as slips, trips and stumbles are a serious health hazard to older workers. Experimental studies have provided a general description of postural responses to perturbations. However, causes of failed recovery attempts are challenging to disentangle through experiments alone due to the complexity of the postural control system and the significant degree of correlation among key gait variables. Forward simulations of postural responses during slipping will be used in conjunction with experimental data to identify subject-specific biomechanical limitations that explain why older adults slip and fall. More specifically, we will determine the extent to which the magnitude of the slip depends on gait variables that change with aging including step length and center of mass acceleration (Aim 1), strength and torque generation rate abilities (Aim 2). Finally in Aim 3, we will predict the magnitude of a slip using a multi- regression model with explanatory variables that (1) have been identified in the simulations as key variables to reduce the risk of slips and falls, and (2) can be measured in non-slippery environments. To collect the experimental data required to achieve the aims of this project, one hundred seven (N = 107) older adults between the ages of 55 and 70 years old will be recruited for participation. Subjects will walk on dry and slippery floors. Strength data will be collected in both age groups. Simulations will be based on subject- specific models of the body driven with torques generated by a physiologically motivated controller. Relevance to public health: In summary, through experiments and simulations of slipping, this project will systematically identify aging-related biomechanical limitations that predispose older workers to slip and fall. These biomechanical limitations may be the result of underlying deficits in neuromuscular control and sensory integration but they are the ultimate cause of failed recoveries from external perturbations. This fundamental knowledge is required to plan, to develop and to implement effective deficits-targeted interventions focused on minimizing the risk of falling in the workplace.

描述（由申请人提供）：通过滑倒，旅行和绊脚石等外部扰动引发的跌倒对老年工人的健康危害是一种严重的健康危害。实验研究提供了对肌动扰动的姿势反应的一般描述。但是，由于姿势控制系统的复杂性以及关键步态变量之间的显着程度的相关性，因此仅通过实验进行了恢复尝试失败的原因是挑战。滑动过程中姿势反应的正向模拟将与实验数据一起使用，以识别主体特定的生物力学限制，以解释为什么老年人滑落和跌倒。更具体地说，我们将确定滑动的幅度在多大程度上取决于步态变量随着老化的变化，包括步长长度和质量加速度中心（AIM 1），强度和扭矩产生速率能力（AIM 2）。最后，在AIM 3中，我们将使用具有解释变量的多回归模型来预测滑移的幅度，该模型在模拟中已确定（1）是降低滑移和跌落风险的关键变量，并且（2）可以是在非滑流环境中测量。为了收集实现该项目目标所需的实验数据，将招募一百七（n = 107）年龄在55至70岁之间的老年人参加。受试者将在干燥和湿滑的地板上行走。强度数据将在两个年龄组中收集。模拟将基于由生理动机控制器产生的扭矩驱动的身体的主题模型。与公共卫生相关：总而言之，通过对滑板的实验和模拟，该项目将系统地确定与衰老相关的生物力学限制，使年长的工人倾向于滑倒。这些生物力学的局限性可能是神经肌肉控制和感觉整合中潜在缺陷的结果，但它们是导致外部扰动恢复失败的最终原因。计划，开发和实施有效的针对赤字的干预措施，需要这种基本知识，这些干预措施的重点是最大程度地减少工作场所跌倒的风险。