Age-associated cognitive changes in community dwelling adults

社区居住成年人与年龄相关的认知变化

• 批准号: 8552331
• 负责人: Alan B Zonderman
• 金额: $ 63.15万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8552331
• 关键词: Accounting; Adult; Affect; Age; Age of Onset; Age-associated memory impairment; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Baltimore; Behavior; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Cognition; Cognitive; Communities; Data; Dementia; Ear; Exclusion; Genes; Genetic Polymorphism; Growth; Haplotypes; Health; Hearing; Immediate Recalls; Impaired cognition; Individual; LDL-Receptor Related Protein 2; Laboratories; Link; Longevity; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Memory; Modeling; Neurocognitive; Participant; Performance; Personality; Regression Analysis; Role; Single Nucleotide Polymorphism; Stereotyping; Study Section; Testing; Time; Vitamin D; Vitamin D3 Receptor; Woman; age difference; age effect; aged; cognitive change; cohort; depressive symptoms; executive function; health disparity; hearing impairment; member; men; mental state; mild neurocognitive impairment; processing speed; research study; sex; socioeconomics

Although there is evidence for an association between low levels of Vitamin D and cognitive decline, the role of Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the megalin gene polymorphism's link with longitudinal cognitive change has been unclear. Using data from 702 participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we examined the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for VDR rs11568820 (CdX-2:T/C), rs1544410 (BsmI:G/A), rs7975232 (ApaI:A/C), rs731236 (TaqI:G/A), and Megalin (rs3755166:G/A; rs2075252:C/T; rs4668123:C/T) genes with changes in cognitive performance. In latent class, haplotype, and regression analyses we found the Megalin1 single nucleotide polymorphism haplotype (GCC) was related to greater decline among women in verbal memory, immediate recall (CVLT-List A), but slower decline among men in delayed recall (CVLT-Delayed recall). We also found that the Megalin SNP rs3755166:G/A was associated with greater decline in global cognition in both sexes combined and in verbal memory in men. These results suggest that the vitamin D receptor and the megalin polymorphism modifies age-related cognitive decline. We hypothesized that greater hearing loss was associated with lower cognitive test scores on tests of memory and executive function. In a cross-sectional cohort of 347 participants >= 55 years from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging without mild cognitive impairment or dementia we examined the association of hearing loss and cognitive performance. Participants had audiometric and cognitive testing performed in 1990-1994. Hearing loss was defined by an average of hearing thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz in the better-hearing ear. Cognitive testing consisted of a standardized neurocognitive battery incorporating tests of mental status, memory, executive function, processing speed, and verbal function. Regression models were used to examine the association between hearing loss and cognition while adjusting for confounders. Greater hearing loss was significantly associated with lower scores on measures of mental status (Mini-Mental State Exam), memory (Free Recall), and executive function (Stroop Mixed, Trail Making B). These results were robust to analyses accounting for potential confounders, nonlinear effects of age, and exclusion of individuals with severe hearing loss. The reduction in cognitive performance associated with a 25 dB hearing loss was equivalent to the reduction associated with an age difference of 6.8 years. Hearing loss is independently associated with lower scores on tests of memory and executive function. Previous studies showed that negative self-stereotypes detrimentally affect the cognitive performance of marginalized group members; however, these findings were confined to short-term experiments. We examined whether stereotypes predicted memory over time, which had not been previously examined. We also considered whether self-relevance increased the influence of stereotypes on memory over time. In data from multiple waves of memory performance from 395 participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we examined individual growth models as a function of negative age stereotypes. We found that those with more negative age stereotypes demonstrated significantly worse memory performance over 38 years than those with less negative age stereotypes. The decline in memory performance for those aged 60 and above was 30.2% greater for the more negative age stereotype group than for the less negative age stereotype group. Also, the impact of age stereotypes on memory was significantly greater among those for whom the age stereotypes were self-relevant. This study shows that the adverse influence of negative self-stereotypes on cognitive performance is not limited to a short-term laboratory effect. Rather, the findings demonstrate, for the first time, that stereotypes also predict memory performance over an extended period in the community.

尽管有证据表明低水平的维生素 D 与认知能力下降之间存在关联，但维生素 D 受体 (VDR) 的作用以及巨蛋白基因多态性与纵向认知变化的联系尚不清楚。利用巴尔的摩老龄化纵向研究的 702 名参与者的数据，我们检查了 VDR rs11568820 (CdX-2:T/C)、rs1544410 (BsmI:G/A)、rs7975232 (ApaI:) 的单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 之间的关联。空调），rs731236 (TaqI:G/A) 和 Megalin (rs3755166:G/A; rs2075252:C/T; rs4668123:C/T) 基因与认知能力的变化有关。在潜在类别、单倍型和回归分析中，我们发现 Megalin1 单核苷酸多态性单倍型 (GCC) 与女性言语记忆、即时回忆 (CVLT-List A) 的较大下降有关，但与男性延迟回忆 (CVLT) 下降较慢有关- 延迟召回）。我们还发现，Megalin SNP rs3755166:G/A 与男女整体认知能力和男性言语记忆的更大程度下降相关。这些结果表明维生素 D 受体和巨蛋白多态性可以改善与年龄相关的认知能力下降。 我们假设听力损失越大，记忆和执行功能测试中认知测试得分越低。在巴尔的摩纵向衰老研究中 347 名年龄≥ 55 岁且无轻度认知障碍或痴呆的参与者组成的横断面队列中，我们研究了听力损失与认知表现之间的关联。参与者在 1990 年至 1994 年间进行了听力测试和认知测试。听力损失的定义是听力较好的耳朵在 0.5、1、2 和 4 kHz 处的平均听力阈值。认知测试包括标准化的神经认知电池，其中包括精神状态、记忆、执行功能、处理速度和语言功能的测试。回归模型用于检查听力损失和认知之间的关联，同时调整混杂因素。听力损失越大，精神状态（简易精神状态检查）、记忆力（自由回忆）和执行功能（Stroop Mixed、Trail Making B）测量得分越低，显着相关。这些结果对于考虑潜在混杂因素、年龄的非线性影响以及排除严重听力损失个体的分析是稳健的。与 25 dB 听力损失相关的认知能力下降相当于与 6.8 岁年龄差相关的认知能力下降。听力损失与记忆和执行功能测试中的较低分数独立相关。 先前的研究表明，消极的自我刻板印象会对边缘群体成员的认知表现产生不利影响。然而，这些发现仅限于短期实验。我们研究了刻板印象是否可以随着时间的推移预测记忆，这一点之前尚未被研究过。我们还考虑随着时间的推移，自我相关性是否会增加刻板印象对记忆的影响。根据巴尔的摩老龄化纵向研究 395 名参与者的多波记忆表现数据，我们检查了个人成长模型作为负面年龄刻板印象的函数。我们发现，与那些消极年龄刻板印象较少的人相比，那些对年龄有更多消极印象的人在 38 年内表现出明显更差的记忆力。对于 60 岁及以上的人来说，消极年龄刻板印象较消极的群体记忆力下降幅度比消极年龄刻板印象较轻的群体高出 30.2%。此外，年龄刻板印象对记忆的影响在那些年龄刻板印象与自身相关的人中显着更大。这项研究表明，消极的自我刻板印象对认知表现的不利影响不仅限于短期实验室效应。相反，研究结果首次表明，刻板印象也可以预测社区中较长时期的记忆表现。