Project 2: Exposure to Air Pollutants and Risk of Birth Defects

项目 2：接触空气污染物和出生缺陷的风险

• 批准号: 8215033
• 负责人: GARY M SHAW
• 金额: $ 3.85万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-02-01 至 2013-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8215033
• 关键词: Affect; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Area; Birth; California; Case-Control Studies; Child; Childhood; Cleaved cell; Congenital Abnormality; Congenital Heart Defects; Data; Diagnosis; Emotional; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Health; Epidemiologic Studies; Etiology; Expenditure; Exposure to; Fetus; Funding Opportunities; Healthcare; Hospitalization; Human; Infant; Infant Mortality; Medical; Organogenesis; Outcome; Phenotype; Pregnancy Outcome; Prevention; Public Health; Research; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Role; Site; Societies; Spinal Dysraphism; Testing; Woman; base; cost; critical period; fetal; infant death; malformation; member; orofacial; population based

"Exposures to Air Pollutants and Risk Of Birth Defects" - Birth defects are the leading cause of infant mortality in the US. Our proposed Formative Center's research efforts, will enhance scientific understanding of the potential environmental etiologies of birth defects, which will undoubtedly have important implications for risk assessment and prevention of these common, costly, and often deadly outcomes of pregnancy. In this project (Project 2) we propose to conduct a rigorous population-based epidemiologic study that targets 30 different birth defects. Our research aim specifically proposes to determine whether exposures to specific air pollutants and mixtures of air pollutants, during critical periods of fetal organogenesis, are associated with women delivering infants/fetuses with structural birth defects. In this project we will use data from the largest case-control study conducted to date in the US on birth defects - the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. We will limit our inquiries to the California study site which is being conducted in the San Joaquin Valley - an area with demonstrated poor air quality. To these data, we will provide a much more detailed and specific test of our hypothesis with refined exposure data pertaining to high ambient air pollution. The etiologies of most structural birth defects are unknown. There have been a few observations that point toward ambient air pollutants as risk factors for human birth defects. However, this important public health hypothesis has been under studied owing to the lack of good exposure and outcome data. Thus, Project 2 uniquely fills an important gap in our understanding of the role of environmental exposure on the risk of human birth defects.

“暴露于空气污染物和出生缺陷的风险” - 先天缺陷是美国婴儿死亡率的主要原因。我们提出的形成中心的研究工作将增强对先天缺陷潜在的环境病因的科学理解，毫无疑问，这将对风险评估和预防这些常见，昂贵且通常是致命的怀孕结果具有重要意义。 在该项目（项目2）中，我们建议进行一项严格的基于人群的流行病学研究，该研究针对30种不同的先天缺陷。我们的研究目的专门提议确定在胎儿器官生成的关键时期对特定空气污染物和空气污染物的混合物的暴露是否与妇女相关的女性，这些妇女的婴儿/胎儿患有结构性先天性缺陷。 在该项目中，我们将使用迄今为止在美国进行的有关先天缺陷的最大病例对照研究的数据 - 国家先天缺陷预防研究。我们将限制我们的询问到在圣华金河谷进行的加利福尼亚研究地点，该地点表明空气质量差。对于这些数据，我们将通过与高环境空气污染有关的精制暴露数据提供对假设的更详细和更具体的检验。 大多数结构性先天缺陷的病因尚不清楚。有一些观察结果将环境空气污染物视为人类先天缺陷的危险因素。但是，由于缺乏良好的暴露和结果数据，因此对这种重要的公共卫生假设进行了研究。因此，项目2独特地填补了我们对环境暴露在人类出生缺陷风险中的作用的重要空白。