Project 2: Exposure to Air Pollutants and Risk of Birth Defects

项目 2：接触空气污染物和出生缺陷的风险

• 批准号: 7850144
• 负责人: GARY M SHAW
• 金额: $ 4.55万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-07 至 2013-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7850144
• 关键词: Affect; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Area; Birth; California; Case-Control Studies; Child; Childhood; Cleaved cell; Congenital Abnormality; Congenital Heart Defects; Data; Diagnosis; Emotional; Environmental Exposure; Epidemiologic Studies; Etiology; Expenditure; Exposure to; Fetus; Funding Opportunities; Healthcare; Hospitalization; Human; Infant; Infant Mortality; Medical; Organogenesis; Outcome; Phenotype; Pregnancy Outcome; Prevention; Public Health; Research; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Role; Site; Societies; Spinal Dysraphism; Testing; Woman; base; cost; critical period; fetal; infant death; malformation; member; orofacial; population based

"Exposures to Air Pollutants and Risk Of Birth Defects" - Birth defects are the leading cause of infant mortality in the US. Our proposed Formative Center's research efforts, will enhance scientific understanding of the potential environmental etiologies of birth defects, which will undoubtedly have important implications for risk assessment and prevention of these common, costly, and often deadly outcomes of pregnancy. In this project (Project 2) we propose to conduct a rigorous population-based epidemiologic study that targets 30 different birth defects. Our research aim specifically proposes to determine whether exposures to specific air pollutants and mixtures of air pollutants, during critical periods of fetal organogenesis, are associated with women delivering infants/fetuses with structural birth defects. In this project we will use data from the largest case-control study conducted to date in the US on birth defects - the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. We will limit our inquiries to the California study site which is being conducted in the San Joaquin Valley - an area with demonstrated poor air quality. To these data, we will provide a much more detailed and specific test of our hypothesis with refined exposure data pertaining to high anibient air pollution. The etiologies of most structural birth defects are unknown. There have been a few observations that point toward ambient air pollutants as risk factors for human birth defects. However, this important public health hypothesis has been under studied owing to the lack of good exposure and outcome data. Thus, Project 2 uniquely fills an important gap in our understanding pf the role of environmental exposure on the risk of human birth defects.

“接触空气污染物和出生缺陷的风险” - 出生缺陷是婴儿出生缺陷的主要原因 美国的死亡率。我们提议的形成中心的研究工作将加强对出生缺陷潜在环境病因的科学理解，这无疑将对风险评估和预防这些常见、昂贵且往往致命的妊娠后果产生重要影响。 在这个项目（项目 2）中，我们建议针对 30 种不同的出生缺陷进行严格的基于人群的流行病学研究。我们的研究目的特别是确定在胎儿器官形成的关键时期暴露于特定空气污染物和空气污染物混合物是否与分娩有结构性先天缺陷的婴儿/胎儿有关。 在这个项目中，我们将使用迄今为止在美国进行的最大的出生缺陷病例对照研究——国家出生缺陷预防研究的数据。我们将把调查范围限制在加州圣华金河谷的研究地点，该地区的空气质量很差。对于这些数据，我们将使用与高环境空气污染有关的精确暴露数据来对我们的假设进行更详细和具体的检验。 大多数结构性出生缺陷的病因尚不清楚。有一些观察结果表明环境空气污染物是人类出生缺陷的危险因素。然而，由于缺乏良好的暴露和结果数据，这一重要的公共卫生假设尚未得到研究。因此，项目 2 独特地填补了我们理解环境暴露对人类出生缺陷风险的作用的一个重要空白。