LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATIONS OF STRESS EXPOSURE, CORTISOL, AND THE BRAIN

压力暴露、皮质醇和大脑的纵向关联

• 批准号: 7062796
• 负责人: Marilyn J Essex
• 金额: $ 28.96万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7062796
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); amygdala; behavioral /social science research tag; child behavior; clinical research; cognition; coping; cortisol; emotions; hippocampus; human subject; longitudinal human study; middle childhood (6-11); morphometry; neuroanatomy; neuropsychological tests; prefrontal lobe /cortex; psychological stressor; psychopathology

The present proposal builds on our 12-year longitudinal study of children and families and our history of collaboration with Davidson, Goldsmith and Kalin. Through the Wisconsin Study of Families and Work we have followed families from before birth to late childhood (Grade 5) and have tracked children's individual differences in affective style, most notably repeated observations of emotional reactivity and regulation and sampling of salivary cortisol at age 4 1/2 and Grades 3 and 5. The main context for the planned studies is our recent finding that children with the highest basal cortisol levels at age 41/2 had been exposed to greater stress (especially maternal depression) both in infancy and in the preschool period when cortisol was sampled, and further that the cortisol predicted psychiatric symptoms in Kindergarten and Grades 1, 3, and 5. Consistent with preclinical animal studies and other human studies, our findings suggest that early stress may sensitize children's HPA systems and emotional responses to be more vulnerable to later stress. We will follow the children through Grade 9 to further investigate consequences of prior and ongoing stress exposure and emotional reactivity for psychiatric symptoms/disorders, cognitive functioning, brain morphometry, and the brain circuitry involved in emotion regulation. The collaboration and research resources afforded by a Center structure allow us to integrate state-of-the- art imaging and hormonal assessments with longitudinal measures of behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and social functioning. Major aims are 1) to investigate associations of children's longitudinal patterns of basal cortisol with their history of stress exposure, emotional reactivity and regulation, cognitive functioning, and course of internalizing problems; 2) to investigate individual differences in morphometric variation (with a focus on PFC, amygdala, hippocampus) of early adolescents' brains, and associations with longitudinal patterns of stress exposure, basal cortisol, emotional reactivity and regulation, and cognitive functioning; and 3) to use functional imaging to assess individual differences in responsivity of key structures associated with emotion and emotion regulation as they relate to the behavioral phenotype, internalizing. These studies provide an unprecedented opportunity to integrate behavioral and neuroscience approaches to begin to elucidate key mechanisms involved in the mental health problems of children/adolescents.

本提案建立在我们对儿童和家庭的12年纵向研究以及与戴维森，戈德史密斯和卡林合作的历史的基础上。通过威斯康星州对家庭和工作的研究，我们从出生前到童年后期（5年级）跟踪了家庭，并跟踪了儿童在情感风格方面的个体差异，最著名的是对情绪反应性的重复观察，对唾液皮质醇年龄段的调节和采样 4 1/2和3年级和5年级。计划研究的主要背景是我们最近的发现 41/2岁基底皮质醇水平最高的儿童在婴儿期和学龄前时期都暴露于更大的压力（尤其是母体抑郁症）（尤其是孕妇抑郁症），进一步取样了皮质醇，进一步表明皮质醇预测了皮层的精神症状，预测了幼儿园和5年级的1、3和5年级的幼儿园和5年级的人类研究，与其他人类研究相一致。 情绪反应更容易受到以后的压力。我们将跟随儿童通过9年级，以进一步研究精神症状/疾病，认知功能，脑形态计量学以及涉及情绪调节的脑电路的持续压力和情绪反应性的后果。中心结构提供的协作和研究资源使我们能够整合最新的 艺术成像和荷尔蒙评估，采用行为，情感，认知和社会功能的纵向衡量。主要目的是1）研究儿童基底皮质醇纵向模式与压力暴露，情绪反应性和调节，认知功能以及内在化问题的过程的关联； 2）研究早期青少年大脑的形态变化的个体差异（侧重于PFC，杏仁核，海马），以及与压力暴露的纵向模式，基础皮质醇，情绪反应性和调节的纵向模式； 3）使用功能成像来评估与情感和情绪调节相关的关键结构的响应性差异，因为它们与行为表型相关，并具有内在化。这些研究为整合行为和神经科学方法提供了前所未有的机会，以开始阐明儿童/青少年心理健康问题所涉及的关键机制。