MATERNITY LEAVE AND HEALTH--PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS

产假与健康——社会心理因素

• 批准号: 2674928
• 负责人: Marilyn J Essex
• 金额: $ 39.39万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-09-30 至 2003-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2674928
• 关键词: anxiety; attitude; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; child care personnel; child psychology; child rearing; cognition; depression; emotional adjustment; employment of women; family structure /dynamics; female; human subject; interview; longitudinal human study; marriage /marital status; parent offspring interaction; personality; postpartum; preschool child (1-5); psychological stressor; questionnaires; sibling relations; social adjustment; women's health

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): This is a request for the renewal of the Wisconsin Maternity Leave and Health (WMLH) Project, which was originally designed to investigate the effect of maternity leave (e.g., length, return to work full- or part-time or homemaker) and other psychosocial factors (personality, attitudes, situation) on the health (physical, mental, and social) of women and their families. The proposed project aims to build on the WMLH Project by: (a) investigating the long-term effects on women's health of employment (including maternity leave) and other aspects of work and family life during the first two years postpartum; (b) extending the project to investigate the long-term effects of this early process on children (e.g., temperament, cognitive maturational status, socioemotional adjustment); and (c) investigating the complex and reciprocal dynamics between mothers' health and child and family functioning. In the WMLH Project, 570 women and 550 of their husbands/partners were recruited, during the 5th month of pregnancy, from physicians' offices and clinics in Milwaukee (80 percent) and Madison (20 percent). The women and men were interviewed separately five times: (a) during the 5th month of pregnancy; (b) 1 month after delivery; (c) 4 months after the birth; (d) 12 months after the birth; and (e) 2 years after the birth. other-infant interactions were videotaped at T3 and T4; father-infant interactions were videotaped for the Madison subsample. Sample retention has been excellent: attrition rates for mothers were 4 percent from T1 to T2 (half due to miscarriage), 1 percent from T2 to T3, 2 percent from T3 to T4. At T5, all T2 respondents were recontracted (n=547); to date, 96 percent have agreed. Response rates are similar for the men. The proposed renewal will investigate the longer-term effects on women, children, and families of the early work-health process, collecting three additional waves of data when the children are 3 1/2, 4 1/2, and 5 1/2 years. Interviews with mothers and fathers will focus on mental health (e.g., depression, anxiety); social health (e.g., marriage relationship, parent-child relationship); employment; and psychosocial factors (e.g., personality; attitudes; work/family stressors). Additional measures proposed for this extension into the preschool years (obtained from both parents, the childcare provider, and direct assessments of the children) focus on family functioning (e.g., family environment; sibling relationships), child outcomes (cognitive maturational status, socioemotional adjustment), and childcare quality. To analyze these rich, longitudinal data, a variety of multivariate statistical techniques (factor analyses, multiple repression, structural equation modeling) are used to (a) test measurement models, (b) describe relationships among variables that will serve as a basis for building longitudinal models, and (c) develop longitudinal models that clarify the avenues through which women's employment (including maternity leave), plus key psychosocial factors are linked to the health and functioning of women, children, and families. Analyses in progress focus on the work-health process during the first two years postpartum. The additional data collected in the proposed study will allow us to determine whether (a) effects found in the original WMLH Project are long-lasting through preschool; and (b) there are additional health and functioning outcomes for women, children,a nd families due to delayed effects not manifested in the first two years postpartum. This data collection is a critical step as this unique and important sample is followed longitudinally.

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：这是对 更新威斯康星州产假和健康 (WMLH) 项目， 最初是为了调查产假的影响而设计的 （例如，时长、返回全职或兼职工作或家庭主妇）和其他 影响健康的社会心理因素（性格、态度、情况） 妇女及其家庭的（身体、心理和社会）。 拟议的 项目旨在通过以下方式建立 WMLH 项目：(a) 调查 就业对妇女健康（包括生育）的长期影响 假）以及头两年工作和家庭生活的其他方面 产后； (b) 扩大项目以调查长期影响 这个早期过程对儿童的影响（例如，气质、认知 成熟状态、社会情绪调整）； (c) 调查 母亲健康与儿童之间复杂且相互的动态关系 家庭运作。 在 WMLH 项目中，570 名妇女及其 550 名丈夫/伴侣接受了 在怀孕第 5 个月期间从医生办公室招募 密尔沃基（80%）和麦迪逊（20%）的诊所。 妇女们和 男性分别接受了五次访谈：(a) 在第 5 个月期间 怀孕; (b) 分娩后1个月； (c) 出生后4个月； (四) 12 出生后几个月； (e) 出生后 2 年。 其他婴儿 在 T3 和 T4 处对互动进行了录像；父婴互动是 麦迪逊子样本的录像。 样品保留非常出色： 从 T1 到 T2，母亲的流失率为 4%（一半是由于 流产），从 T2 到 T3 为 1%，从 T3 到 T4 为 2%。 在T5时，所有 T2 受访者重新签约 (n=547)；迄今为止，96% 的人表示同意。 男性的反应率相似。 拟议的更新将调查对女性的长期影响， 早期工作健康过程中的儿童和家庭，收集了三个 孩子们分别为 3 1/2、4 1/2 和 5 1/2 时的附加数据波 年。 对父母的采访将重点关注心理健康 （例如抑郁、焦虑）；社会健康（例如婚姻关系、 亲子关系）；就业；和心理社会因素（例如， 性格;态度；工作/家庭压力）。 额外措施 建议将此延长至学前教育阶段（从双方获得） 父母、托儿服务提供者以及儿童的直接评估） 关注家庭功能（例如家庭环境、兄弟姐妹 关系）、儿童结果（认知成熟状态、 社会情绪调整）和儿童保育质量。 为了分析这些丰富的纵向数据，需要使用各种多元变量 统计技术（因子分析、多重抑制、结构 方程建模）用于（a）测试测量模型，（b）描述 变量之间的关系将作为构建的基础 纵向模型，以及 (c) 开发纵向模型来阐明 妇女就业的途径（包括产假），加上 关键的社会心理因素与妇女的健康和功能有关， 儿童和家庭。 正在进行的分析重点关注工作健康 产后头两年的过程。 附加数据 在拟议的研究中收集的数据将使我们能够确定是否（a） 最初的 WMLH 项目中发现的影响是持久的 学前班； (b) 还有额外的健康和功能成果 妇女、儿童和家庭由于延迟影响未体现在 产后头两年。 此数据收集是关键的一步，因为 这个独特而重要的样本是纵向跟踪的。