Threat and Attention in Adolescent Anxiety

青少年焦虑中的威胁和关注

• 批准号: 7034149
• 负责人: Koraly E Perez-Edgar
• 金额: $ 13.61万
• 依托单位: GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-05 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7034149
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); amygdala; anxiety; anxiety disorders; attention; behavioral /social science research tag; brain mapping; clinical research; face expression; fear; frontal lobe /cortex; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; interview; mental health epidemiology; neural information processing; neuroimaging; neuropsychology; preference; psychopathology; social adjustment

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this Research Career Award submission is to train the applicant in the use of neuroimaging technology to study the attentional mechanisms that underlie psychopathology in children. The applicant would like to build on her current training in temperament research and psychophysiology to examine affective and attentional processing in socially phobic adolescents and temperamentally shy adolescents at risk for social phobia. The training and mentoring provided through this grant will allow the applicant to work as part of a multidisciplinary research team, acting as a "bridge" between developmentalists and experts in psychopathology and imaging. This will prepare the applicant for an independent research career. Currently, there is a great deal of interest in the functional and structural relations between affective and attentional mechanisms. A growing literature indicates that anxious individuals show an attentional bias for potentially threatening stimuli, which may play a role in the etiology and maintenance of anxious states. A second literature has noted that children temperamentally predisposed to shyness show an increased risk for anxiety disorders, particularly social phobia. In each literature, work has implicated variations in amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activity in shaping individual differences in both attentional biases and affective experience. There is currently very little work addressing these issues in children and adolescents. This study will bring together disparate literatures to fill the current knowledge gap by tracing the neural underpinnings of affective processing and attentional bias in both socially phobic and temperamentally at-risk adolescents, using a face rating and attention task. This training grant would take advantage of the presence of both a disordered and at-risk subject population to begin to examine a central question in development. Namely, the applicant will use behavioral and neuroimaging measures to examine and perhaps help explain differing developmental outcomes given shared risk factors. Recent research has shown that anxiety disorders are very prevalent in adolescent populations and that the early appearance of these disorders can affect functioning into adulthood. Work, such as this proposed research program, will help contribute to attempts to treat and prevent anxiety in adolescents.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究职业奖提交的目标是培训申请人使用神经影像技术来研究儿童心理病理学基础的注意力机制。申请人希望在她目前在气质研究和心理生理学方面进行培训，以检查社会恐惧症青少年的情感和注意力处理，以及对社交恐惧症风险的气质害羞的青少年。通过这笔赠款提供的培训和指导将使申请人可以作为多学科研究团队的一部分，充当发育主义者与精神病理学和成像专家之间的“桥梁”。这将使申请人为独立研究职业做好准备。当前，对情感和注意力机制之间的功能和结构关系有很大的兴趣。越来越多的文献表明，焦虑的人对潜在威胁刺激的注意力偏见，这可能在焦虑国家的病因和维持中发挥作用。第二本文献指出，气质上容易发生害羞的儿童表明焦虑症的风险增加了，尤其是社交恐惧症。在每种文献中，工作都暗示了杏仁核和眶额皮层（OFC）活性的变化，这些活性在塑造注意力偏见和情感经验的个体差异中。目前，在儿童和青少年中解决这些问题的工作很少。这项研究将使用面部评分和注意力的任务来追踪社会恐惧症和气质上的社会恐惧和气质上的情感处理和注意力偏见的神经基础，以填补不同的文献，以填补当前的知识差距。这项培训赠款将利用无序和风险的受试者的存在，开始研究发展中的主要问题。也就是说，申请人将使用行为和神经影像措施来检查或可能有助于解释鉴于共同风险因素的不同发展结果。最近的研究表明，焦虑症在青少年种群中非常普遍，这些疾病的早期出现会影响成年后的功能。诸如拟议的研究计划之类的工作将有助于尝试治疗和预防青少年焦虑的尝试。