Parent-to-child anxiety transmission in early childhood: Capturing in-the-moment mechanisms through emotion modeling and biological synchrony

幼儿期亲子焦虑传递：通过情绪建模和生物同步捕捉当下机制

• 批准号: 10652589
• 负责人: Koraly E Perez-Edgar
• 金额: $ 107.46万
• 依托单位: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-01 至 2027-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10652589
• 关键词: Affect; Age; Animal Model; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Arousal; Arousal and Regulatory Systems; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Buffers; Caregivers; Child; Child Rearing; Climate; Cognitive; Coupled; Coupling; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Distress; Electroencephalography; Emotional; Emotions; Ensure; Environment; Event; Exposure to; Family Relationship; Family dynamics; Fathers; Fright; Genetic; Genetic Load; Individual; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Link; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mediating; Modeling; Mothers; Negative Valence; Nursery Schools; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Physiological; Pregnancy; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychopathology; Psychophysiology; Questionnaires; Regulation; Research Domain Criteria; Risk; Sampling; School-Age Population; Series; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Social Environment; Speech; Stress; Symptoms; System; Temperament; Time; Translating; Trier Social Stress Test; Variant; Withdrawal; anxiety symptoms; calcification; childhood anxiety; cognitive control; coping; developmental disease; dyadic interaction; early childhood; experience; fetal programming; functional near infrared spectroscopy; human model; in vivo; intergenerational; middle childhood; multimodality; neural; novel; peer; psychosocial; recruit; response; sex; social; transmission process; visual tracking

Previous studies have identified three central pathways of parent-to-child anxiety transmission: (1) shared genetic load, (2) fetal programming through maternal experiences during pregnancy, and (3) parental behaviors that model and shape anxiety-linked cognitive, behavioral, and emotional profiles. To date, we have few tractable mechanisms by which we can intervene upon the first two pathways. However, a wide and robust literature has characterized specific parenting behaviors linked to the emergence of childhood anxiety, making it a translatable target. Much of this literature has focused on broad profiles based on questionnaire measures or aggregate summaries of behaviors averaged over time. As a result, we know little regarding the moment- by-moment interactions that serve as a behavioral conduit for intergenerational transmission. Repeated daily interactions with caregivers, channeled through dyadic social dynamics, attune the child to parental expressions of fear and distress influencing the child's own responses to surrounding events. The current longitudinal study will focus on two instances of dyadic social dynamics as mechanisms for anxiety transmission. First is dyadic synchrony, a process captured in the temporal co-ordination of discrete microlevel signals between dyadic partners evident across levels of analysis. Second is emotion modeling, in which observed patterns of parental emotion, distress, and coping are internalized by the child, supported by psychophysiological synchrony, and then reflected in their own subsequent behavior. Children ages 4 to 6 and their parent, including both mothers and fathers, will be assessed at five time points, 6 months apart in a multi- modal battery. Parent-child dyads will engage in mildly stressful interactions that allow us to capture neural (fNIRS), psychophysiological (RSA), attentional (mobile eye-tracking), and behavioral (overt emotion and distress) patterns of synchrony. In addition, we will assess regulatory (EEG delta-beta coupling), cognitive (ERP N2 component), and attentional (threat bias) markers of socioemotional development and anxiety risk. Finally, we asses child fearful temperament, which is associated with greater sensitivity to the social environment and the later emergence of anxiety. Thus, we can ask (1) Concurrently, how do patterns of dyadic social dynamics vary across parent-child pairs? (2) Across tasks, to what extent does variation in dyadic patterns help predict anxiety risk? (3) Over time, can we predict socioemotional profiles and anxiety risk from earlier patterns of dynamic dyadic interactions? Reflecting the Research Domain Criteria, we integrate multilevel mechanisms by examining how social and arousal/regulatory systems are coupled through dyadic social dynamics to influence the emergence of anxiety via the cognitive (attention to threat, cognitive control), arousal/regulatory (delta-beta coupling), and negative valence (fearful temperament) systems. In doing so we heed the call to examine development and the environment as “bidirectional influences” on transdiagnostic processes of psychopathology in order to translate our findings to dyadic treatment approaches.

以往的研究已经确定了亲子焦虑传递的三个主要途径：（1）共享 遗传负荷，（2）通过母亲怀孕期间的经历进行胎儿编程，以及（3）父母 迄今为止，我们已经掌握了模拟和塑造与焦虑相关的认知、行为和情绪特征的行为。 我们可以通过很少的易处理的机制来干预前两条途径，但是，有一个广泛而强大的机制。 文献描述了与儿童焦虑的出现相关的特定养育行为，使得 它是一个可翻译的目标，大部分文献都侧重于基于问卷调查的广泛概况。 或随着时间的推移平均行为的汇总总结，因此，我们对这一时刻知之甚少。 每日重复的即时互动，作为代际传播的行为渠道。 通过二元社会动力与照顾者的互动，使孩子适应父母的 恐惧和痛苦的表达会影响孩子对周围事件的反应。 纵向研究将重点关注作为焦虑机制的二元社会动态的两个实例 首先是二元同步，这是在离散微观层面的时间协调中捕获的过程。 二元伴侣之间的信号在分析层面上很明显。第二个是情感建模，其中。 观察到的父母情绪、痛苦和应对模式被孩子内化，并得到以下支持： 心理生理同步性，然后反映在 4 至 6 岁儿童的后续行为中。 他们的父母，包括母亲和父亲，将在五个时间点接受评估，每个时间点相隔 6 个月。 亲子二人组将进行适度的压力互动，这使我们能够捕获神经元。 （fNIRS）、心理生理学（RSA）、注意力（移动眼动追踪）和行为（明显的情绪和 此外，我们将评估调节（EEG δ-β 耦合）、认知。 （ERP N2 成分）以及社会情绪发展和焦虑风险的注意力（威胁偏差）标记。 最后，我们评估孩子的恐惧气质，这与对社会的更敏感有关 因此，我们可以问（1）同时，二元模式是如何发生的。 (2) 在不同的任务中，二元关系的变化程度如何？ (3) 随着时间的推移，我们可以预测社会情绪特征和焦虑风险吗？ 我们整合了反映研究领域标准的早期动态二元交互模式？ 通过检查社会和唤醒/监管系统如何通过二元耦合来实现多层次机制 社会动态通过认知（对威胁的关注、认知控制）影响焦虑的出现， 唤醒/调节（δ-β耦合）和负价（恐惧气质）系统这样做。 响应号召，将发展和环境视为跨诊断的“双向影响” 精神病理学过程，以便将我们的发现转化为二元治疗方法。