Parent-to-child anxiety transmission in early childhood: Capturing in-the-moment mechanisms through emotion modeling and biological synchrony

幼儿期亲子焦虑传递：通过情绪建模和生物同步捕捉当下机制

• 批准号: 10652589
• 负责人: Koraly E Perez-Edgar
• 金额: $ 107.46万
• 依托单位: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-01 至 2027-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10652589
• 关键词: Affect; Age; Animal Model; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Arousal; Arousal and Regulatory Systems; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Buffers; Caregivers; Child; Child Rearing; Climate; Cognitive; Coupled; Coupling; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Distress; Electroencephalography; Emotional; Emotions; Ensure; Environment; Event; Exposure to; Family Relationship; Family dynamics; Fathers; Fright; Genetic; Genetic Load; Individual; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Link; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mediating; Modeling; Mothers; Negative Valence; Nursery Schools; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Physiological; Pregnancy; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychopathology; Psychophysiology; Questionnaires; Regulation; Research Domain Criteria; Risk; Sampling; School-Age Population; Series; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Social Environment; Speech; Stress; Symptoms; System; Temperament; Time; Translating; Trier Social Stress Test; Variant; Withdrawal; anxiety symptoms; calcification; childhood anxiety; cognitive control; coping; developmental disease; dyadic interaction; early childhood; experience; fetal programming; functional near infrared spectroscopy; human model; in vivo; intergenerational; middle childhood; multimodality; neural; novel; peer; psychosocial; recruit; response; sex; social; transmission process; visual tracking

Previous studies have identified three central pathways of parent-to-child anxiety transmission: (1) shared genetic load, (2) fetal programming through maternal experiences during pregnancy, and (3) parental behaviors that model and shape anxiety-linked cognitive, behavioral, and emotional profiles. To date, we have few tractable mechanisms by which we can intervene upon the first two pathways. However, a wide and robust literature has characterized specific parenting behaviors linked to the emergence of childhood anxiety, making it a translatable target. Much of this literature has focused on broad profiles based on questionnaire measures or aggregate summaries of behaviors averaged over time. As a result, we know little regarding the moment- by-moment interactions that serve as a behavioral conduit for intergenerational transmission. Repeated daily interactions with caregivers, channeled through dyadic social dynamics, attune the child to parental expressions of fear and distress influencing the child's own responses to surrounding events. The current longitudinal study will focus on two instances of dyadic social dynamics as mechanisms for anxiety transmission. First is dyadic synchrony, a process captured in the temporal co-ordination of discrete microlevel signals between dyadic partners evident across levels of analysis. Second is emotion modeling, in which observed patterns of parental emotion, distress, and coping are internalized by the child, supported by psychophysiological synchrony, and then reflected in their own subsequent behavior. Children ages 4 to 6 and their parent, including both mothers and fathers, will be assessed at five time points, 6 months apart in a multi- modal battery. Parent-child dyads will engage in mildly stressful interactions that allow us to capture neural (fNIRS), psychophysiological (RSA), attentional (mobile eye-tracking), and behavioral (overt emotion and distress) patterns of synchrony. In addition, we will assess regulatory (EEG delta-beta coupling), cognitive (ERP N2 component), and attentional (threat bias) markers of socioemotional development and anxiety risk. Finally, we asses child fearful temperament, which is associated with greater sensitivity to the social environment and the later emergence of anxiety. Thus, we can ask (1) Concurrently, how do patterns of dyadic social dynamics vary across parent-child pairs? (2) Across tasks, to what extent does variation in dyadic patterns help predict anxiety risk? (3) Over time, can we predict socioemotional profiles and anxiety risk from earlier patterns of dynamic dyadic interactions? Reflecting the Research Domain Criteria, we integrate multilevel mechanisms by examining how social and arousal/regulatory systems are coupled through dyadic social dynamics to influence the emergence of anxiety via the cognitive (attention to threat, cognitive control), arousal/regulatory (delta-beta coupling), and negative valence (fearful temperament) systems. In doing so we heed the call to examine development and the environment as “bidirectional influences” on transdiagnostic processes of psychopathology in order to translate our findings to dyadic treatment approaches.

先前的研究已经确定了父母焦虑传播的三个中心途径：（1）共享 遗传负荷，（2）通过怀孕期间通过母校经历和（3）父母的胎儿编程 模拟和塑造与动画相关的认知，行为和情感概况的行为。迄今为止，我们有 几乎没有可进行的可进行的机制，我们可以干预前两个途径。但是，宽阔而坚固 文学表征了与儿童动画的出现有关的特定育儿行为 它是可翻译的目标。这些文献的大部分都集中在基于问卷测量的广泛概况上 或随着时间的推移平均行为的总摘要。结果，我们对这一刻一无所知 - 用作交互传播行为管道的副互动。每天重复 通过二元社会动态引导，与照顾者的互动，将孩子与父母的互动 恐惧和痛苦的表达会影响孩子对周围事件的反应。电流 纵向研究将重点介绍两个二元社会动态的实例，作为动画的机制 传播。首先是二元同步，这是在离散微观的临时协调中捕获的过程 二元伙伴之间的信号在分析级别跨越层次。第二是情感建模，其中 观察到的父母情绪，困扰和应对的模式由孩子内部化，并由 心理生理同步，然后反映在其自身的行为中。 4至6岁的儿童 他们的父母，包括母亲和父亲，将在五个时间点进行评估，在多个时间点相隔6个月 模态电池。亲子二元组将进行轻度压力的互动，使我们能够捕获神经元 （FNIRS），心理生理学（RSA），注意力（移动眼睛追踪）和行为（明显的情绪和 遇险）同步模式。此外，我们将评估监管（EEG Delta-Beta耦合），认知 （ERP N2组件）和社会情感发展和焦虑风险的注意（威胁偏见）标记。 最后，我们评估孩子的恐惧温度，这与对社会的更高敏感性有关 环境和后来的焦虑出现。那就是我们可以问（1）同时，二元模式如何 社会动态在亲子对之间有所不同吗？ （2）跨任务，二元变化在多大程度上 模式有助于预测焦虑风险？ （3）随着时间的流逝，我们可以预测社会情感概况和焦虑风险 动态动态相互作用的早期模式？反映研究领域标准，我们整合 多级机制通过检查如何通过二元组耦合社交和唤醒/监管系统 通过认知（注意威胁，认知控制）影响焦虑的社会动态， 唤醒/调控（delta-beta耦合）和负价（可怕温度）系统。这样我们 注意呼吁研究发展和环境作为对转诊的“双向影响” 精神病理学的过程将我们的发现转化为二元治疗方法。