Patterns of Attention to Threat linked with Negative Reactivity in Infancy

对威胁的关注模式与婴儿期的消极反应有关

基本信息

批准号：
8684012
负责人：
Koraly E Perez-Edgar
金额：
$ 23.08万
依托单位：
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-08-15 至 2016-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8684012
关键词：
Adolescence Adult Affect Affective Age Anxiety Anxiety Disorders Attention Behavior Behavioral Behavioral inhibition Child Childhood Clinical Data Detection Development Diagnosis Effectiveness Electroencephalography Emotional Emotions Environment Eye Fright Future Gold Heart Rate Hydrocortisone Individual Individual Differences Infant Life Link Literature Longitudinal Studies Measures Pattern Performance Play Population Predisposing Factor Predisposition Process Protocols documentation Psychophysiology Relative (related person)Research Research Domain Criteria Research Personnel Risk Risk Factors Role Salivary Sensory Shapes Social Functioning Stimulus Stream System Temperament Testing Time Variant Visual Visual attention Withdrawal Work base cognitive system design emotion regulation infancy information processing innovation novel preference public health relevance response social trait vigilance

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The adult and child clinical literature suggests that individuals who are clinically anxious or have high levels of trait anxiety show attention biases t threat. In addition, when these attention biases are experimentally manipulated in the lab, researchers can exacerbate or ameliorate levels of anxious thought and behavior. This has led researchers to argue that attention biases to threat may cause anxiety. However, the degree to which threat-related attention bias represents a down-stream result of ongoing anxiety or an early-emerging predisposing factor implicated in the risk for the development of anxiety disorders remains unclear. The studies highlighting the effectiveness of attention manipulation take a mechanistic view of the relation between attention and affect. These studies are important and useful proof of concept for the assumption that attention may play a causal role in the emergence of anxiety. However, they cannot elucidate how these information processing biases actually develop over the course of childhood. Infant studies suggest that a general preference for looking to threat-relevant stimuli is evident in the first year of life, but have no captured the importance of individual differences or specific subcomponents of attention. In some children, affect biased attention, the predisposition to preferentially attend to affective stimuli, may "tune" initial attentional filters to seek out and identify threat, biasing subsequent information processing and behavioral enactment and serving as a foundational form of emotion regulation. We know that anxious adults and children show attention biases to threat, that early temperament is associated with elevated levels of negative affect and anxiety, and that normative patterns of preferential attention to threat are evident as early as the first year of lie. However, we know little concerning how these inter-relations appear and change over time since much of the attention-affect literature (1) has focused on adult clinically-defined populations, (2) does not systematically assess both constructs across multiple tasks and contexts, and (3) rarely takes a developmental view that examines core mechanisms as they emerge in infancy and differentiate between normative patterns and patterns associated with specific risk factors. The current study proposes to refine and validate three eye- tracking tasks that capture core components of attention in the first two years of life. In addition, we will implement a rich assessment of temperamental negative affect, which is associated with the later emergence of anxiety and social withdrawal. This line of research reflects the focus in the Research Domain Criteria on integrating mechanisms by examining response to potential threat (negative valence systems), attention patterns (cognitive systems) and early patterns of affect across varying socio-emotional contexts (negative valence systems and social processes).

描述（由申请人提供）：成人和儿童临床文献表明，临床焦虑或具有高水平特质焦虑的个体表现出威胁性的注意偏差。此外，当在实验室中通过实验操纵这些注意力偏差时，研究人员可以加剧或改善焦虑思想和行为的水平。这导致研究人员认为，对威胁的注意力偏差可能会导致焦虑。然而，与威胁相关的注意偏差在多大程度上代表持续焦虑的下游结果或与焦虑症发展风险有关的早期出现的诱发因素仍不清楚。强调注意力操纵有效性的研究从机械角度看待注意力和情感之间的关系。这些研究是重要且有用的概念证明，证明注意力可能在焦虑的出现中发挥因果作用。然而，他们无法阐明这些信息处理偏差在童年时期实际上是如何形成的。婴儿研究表明，在生命的第一年，人们普遍倾向于寻找与威胁相关的刺激，但没有抓住个体差异或注意力的特定组成部分的重要性。在一些儿童中，影响偏向注意力，即优先关注情感刺激的倾向，可能会“调整”最初的注意力过滤器以寻找和识别威胁，从而使随后的注意力产生偏差信息处理和行为制定，并作为情绪调节的基本形式。我们知道，焦虑的成年人和儿童对威胁表现出注意偏差，早期的气质与负面情绪和焦虑水平升高有关，并且优先注意威胁的规范模式早在撒谎的第一年就很明显。然而，我们对这些相互关系如何随着时间的推移而出现和变化知之甚少，因为许多注意力影响文献（1）都集中在成人临床定义的人群上，（2）没有系统地评估跨多个任务和环境的这两种结构，（3）很少采取发展的观点来检查婴儿期出现的核心机制，并区分规范模式和与特定风险因素相关的模式。目前的研究建议完善和验证三项眼球追踪任务，以捕捉生命头两年注意力的核心组成部分。此外，我们将对气质负面情绪进行丰富的评估，这与后来出现的焦虑和社交退缩有关。这一系列研究反映了研究领域标准中对整合机制的关注，通过检查对潜在威胁（负价系统）、注意力模式（认知系统）和不同社会情感背景（负价系统和社会情感）的早期影响模式的反应来整合机制。过程）。