Mobile Eye-Tracking as a Tool for Studying Socioemotional Development: Threat-related Attention in a Social Context

移动眼动追踪作为研究社会情感发展的工具：社会背景下与威胁相关的注意力

基本信息

批准号：
9353875
负责人：
Koraly E Perez-Edgar
金额：
$ 19.65万
依托单位：
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-20 至 2019-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Project Summary The adult and child clinical literature suggests that individuals who are clinically anxious or have high levels of trait anxiety show attention biases to threat. In addition, researchers can exacerbate or ameliorate levels of anxious thought and behavior by experimentally manipulating attention biases in the lab. This has led researchers to argue that attention biases to threat may cause anxiety. These studies are an important and useful proof of concept for the role of attention in the emergence of anxiety. However, as with much of the literature, these studies rely on computer-based tasks that present individuals with static emotion faces and words. Biases are inferred from patterns of behavioral reaction times (RTs) or eye-tracking to the stimuli. These data, while informative, have relatively low levels of ecological validity, as the stimuli are uni- dimensional and unable to support potential interaction. In addition, these tasks tap into orienting to preselected stimuli, rather than threat-related attention selection. However, underlying theory suggests that attention is associated with social withdrawal/anxiety specifically because social and threatening aspects of the environment are unpredictable, multi-dimensional, and require flexibility from the child. Thus, we know little, if anything, regarding how attention bias in vivo may be associated with early social behavior. We need methodologies that can more closely capture the child's experience of his or her environment (social and non-social) and are child-focused and child-directed. The current proposal addresses these gaps by (1) testing an innovative mobile eye-tracking system in (2) young children at temperamental risk for anxiety as they (3) engage in both sedentary and interactive attention to threat paradigms. We will incorporate continuous measurements of eye gaze during episodes from the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery (Lab-TAB) designed to elicit fearful behavior towards putative social and non-social threats. A social dyad episode will be used to examine attention processes deployed during joint play. We focus on 4 to 6-year- old children – an age period preceding the onset of anxiety disorders, but during which social withdrawal is more apparent for temperamentally fearful children. As such, we will examine if children varying in behavioral inhibition (BI), our strongest temperamental predictor of anxiety, differ in threat-related attention on stationary and mobile eye tracking tasks versus non-BI peers. Finally, we will look to see if either sedentary or mobile attention to threat data helps better predict the association between BI and anxiety and social withdrawal. This line of research reflects the focus in the Research Domain Criteria on integrating multilevel mechanisms by examining response to potential threat (negative valence systems), attention patterns (cognitive systems) and early patterns of affect across varying socioemotional contexts (negative valence systems and social processes). We also go to the heart of NIMH's Objective 2, by characterizing markers of behavioral development in order to identify clinically useful indicators of change across illness trajectories.

项目摘要成人和儿童临床文献表明，临床上焦虑或高水平的个人特质动画的关注偏向威胁。此外，研究人员可以加剧或改善水平焦虑的思想和行为通过实验操纵实验室中的注意力偏见。这已经引起了研究人员认为，关注偏见可能会引起焦虑。这些研究很重要，注意力在焦虑症中的作用有用的概念证明。但是，就像大部分文献，这些研究依赖于基于计算机的任务，这些任务表明个人有静态的情感面孔，字。偏见是从行为反应时间（RTS）的模式或对刺激的眼睛跟踪的。这些数据虽然信息丰富，但具有相对较低的生态有效性，因为刺激是统一的维度，无法支持潜在的相互作用。另外，这些任务涉及到定向预选的刺激，而不是与威胁有关的注意选择。但是，基本理论表明注意与社交戒断/焦虑有关，特别是因为社会和威胁性方面环境是不可预测的，多维的，需要孩子的灵活性。那我们一点也不知道关于体内注意力偏见如何与早期社会行为相关的任何事情。我们需要可以更紧密地捕捉孩子对环境的经历的方法（社会和非社交），并以儿童为中心和指导儿童。当前的提案解决了这些差距通过（1）测试（2）处于温度焦虑风险的幼儿中创新的移动眼球跟踪系统当他们（3）同时对威胁范式久坐和互动的关注。我们将合并在实验室气质评估中发作期间的眼睛凝视的连续测量电池（Lab-TAB）旨在引起人们对推定的社会和非社会威胁的可怕行为。社交 Dyad情节将用于检查联合游戏期间部署的注意力过程。我们专注于4至6年老孩子 - 焦虑症发作之前的年龄，但在此期间社交戒断是对于温和恐惧的孩子来说，更明显。因此，我们将检查孩子是否在行为上有所不同抑制（BI），我们的动画温度预测因子强，与威胁相关的静止注意力不同以及移动眼镜跟踪任务与非BI同行。最后，我们将寻找久坐还是移动对威胁数据的关注有助于更好地预测BI与焦虑与社交戒断之间的关联。这一研究线反映了研究领域标准的重点通过检查对潜在威胁（负价系统）的反应，注意力模式的机制（认知系统）和各种社会情感环境中影响的早期情感模式（负价为负价系统和社会过程）。我们还通过表征了NIMH目标2的核心行为发展是为了确定跨疾病轨迹变化的临床有用指标。