MATERNITY LEAVE AND HEALTH--PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS

产假与健康——社会心理因素

• 批准号: 6575510
• 负责人: Marilyn J Essex
• 金额: $ 10.01万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-09-30 至 2003-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6575510
• 关键词: anxiety; attitude; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; child care personnel; child psychology; child rearing; cognition; depression; emotional adjustment; employment of women; family structure /dynamics; female; human subject; interview; longitudinal human study; marriage /marital status; parent offspring interaction; personality; postpartum; preschool child (1-5); psychological stressor; questionnaires; sibling relations; social adjustment; women's health

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): This is a request for the renewal of the Wisconsin Maternity Leave and Health (WMLH) Project, which was originally designed to investigate the effect of maternity leave (e.g., length, return to work full- or part-time or homemaker) and other psychosocial factors (personality, attitudes, situation) on the health (physical, mental, and social) of women and their families. The proposed project aims to build on the WMLH Project by: (a) investigating the long-term effects on women's health of employment (including maternity leave) and other aspects of work and family life during the first two years postpartum; (b) extending the project to investigate the long-term effects of this early process on children (e.g., temperament, cognitive maturational status, socioemotional adjustment); and (c) investigating the complex and reciprocal dynamics between mothers' health and child and family functioning. In the WMLH Project, 570 women and 550 of their husbands/partners were recruited, during the 5th month of pregnancy, from physicians' offices and clinics in Milwaukee (80 percent) and Madison (20 percent). The women and men were interviewed separately five times: (a) during the 5th month of pregnancy; (b) 1 month after delivery; (c) 4 months after the birth; (d) 12 months after the birth; and (e) 2 years after the birth. other-infant interactions were videotaped at T3 and T4; father-infant interactions were videotaped for the Madison subsample. Sample retention has been excellent: attrition rates for mothers were 4 percent from T1 to T2 (half due to miscarriage), 1 percent from T2 to T3, 2 percent from T3 to T4. At T5, all T2 respondents were recontracted (n=547); to date, 96 percent have agreed. Response rates are similar for the men. The proposed renewal will investigate the longer-term effects on women, children, and families of the early work-health process, collecting three additional waves of data when the children are 3 1/2, 4 1/2, and 5 1/2 years. Interviews with mothers and fathers will focus on mental health (e.g., depression, anxiety); social health (e.g., marriage relationship, parent-child relationship); employment; and psychosocial factors (e.g., personality; attitudes; work/family stressors). Additional measures proposed for this extension into the preschool years (obtained from both parents, the childcare provider, and direct assessments of the children) focus on family functioning (e.g., family environment; sibling relationships), child outcomes (cognitive maturational status, socioemotional adjustment), and childcare quality. To analyze these rich, longitudinal data, a variety of multivariate statistical techniques (factor analyses, multiple repression, structural equation modeling) are used to (a) test measurement models, (b) describe relationships among variables that will serve as a basis for building longitudinal models, and (c) develop longitudinal models that clarify the avenues through which women's employment (including maternity leave), plus key psychosocial factors are linked to the health and functioning of women, children, and families. Analyses in progress focus on the work-health process during the first two years postpartum. The additional data collected in the proposed study will allow us to determine whether (a) effects found in the original WMLH Project are long-lasting through preschool; and (b) there are additional health and functioning outcomes for women, children,a nd families due to delayed effects not manifested in the first two years postpartum. This data collection is a critical step as this unique and important sample is followed longitudinally.

描述（根据申请人的摘要改编）：这是对 威斯康星州产假和健康（WMLH）项目的续签， 最初旨在调查产假的影响 （例如，长度，全日制或兼职或家庭主妇恢复工作）和其他 关于健康的社会心理因素（人格，态度，情况） （身体，心理和社会）妇女及其家人。 提议 项目旨在在WMLH项目的基础上：（a）调查 长期对妇女健康健康的影响（包括产妇 离开）以及最初两年的工作和家庭生活的其他方面 产后； （b）扩展项目以调查长期影响 在儿童的早期过程中（例如气质，认知 成熟地位，社会情感调整）； （c）调查 母亲的健康与孩子之间的复杂和相互动力 家庭功能。 在WMLH项目中，有570名妇女和550名丈夫/伴侣是 在怀孕的第5个月中，从医生办公室招募 密尔沃基（80％）和麦迪逊（20％）的诊所。 女人和 男人分别采访了五次：（a） 怀孕; （b）交货后1个月； （c）出生后4个月； （d）12 出生几个月； （e）出生后2年。 其他 相互作用在T3和T4上进行录像；父亲互动是 为麦迪逊子样本进行录像。 样本保留非常好： 从T1到T2，母亲的流失率为4％（一半是由于 流产），从T2到T3，为1％，从T3到T4的2％。 在T5，全部 将T2受访者重新提取（n = 547）；迄今为止，有96％的人同意。 男人的回应率相似。 拟议的续约将调查对妇女的长期影响， 儿童和早期工作健康过程的家庭，收集三个 当孩子是3 1/2、4 1/2和5 1/2时的其他数据浪潮 年。 与母亲和父亲的访谈将专注于心理健康 （例如，抑郁症，焦虑）；社会健康（例如，婚姻关系， 亲子关系）；就业；和社会心理因素（例如， 性格;态度；工作/家庭压力源）。 其他措施 提议将此扩展为学龄前年（从两者中获得 父母，育儿提供者和对孩子的直接评估） 专注于家庭功能（例如，家庭环境；兄弟姐妹 关系），儿童结果（认知成熟地位， 社会情感调整）和育儿质量。 分析这些丰富的纵向数据，多种多数 统计技术（因子分析，多重抑制，结构性 方程建模）用于（a）测试测量模型，（b）描述 变量之间的关系，这些变量将作为建立基础的基础 纵向模型，（c）开发纵向模型来阐明 妇女就业（包括产假）的途径 关键的社会心理因素与妇女的健康和功能有关， 孩子和家庭。 进行分析的重点是工作健康 在产后的头两年中的过程。 附加数据 在拟议的研究中收集的将使我们能够确定（a）是否是否 原始WMLH项目中发现的效果长期持久 学前班； （b）还有其他健康和功能效果 妇女，儿童，和家庭因延迟影响而没有表现出来 产后的头两年。 此数据收集是关键的一步 纵向遵循这个独特而重要的样本。

项目成果

The impact of parents, child care providers, teachers, and peers on early externalizing trajectories.

父母、儿童保育提供者、教师和同龄人对早期外化轨迹的影响。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2010.08.003
• 发表时间: 2010
• 期刊: Journal of school psychology
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Silver,RebeccaB;Measelle,JeffreyR;Armstrong,JeffreyM;Essex,MarilynJ
• 通讯作者: Essex,MarilynJ

Quality of early family relationships and the timing and tempo of puberty: effects depend on biological sensitivity to context.

• DOI: 10.1017/s0954579410000660
• 发表时间: 2011-02
• 期刊: Development and psychopathology
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Ellis BJ;Shirtcliff EA;Boyce WT;Deardorff J;Essex MJ
• 通讯作者: Essex MJ

Screening for childhood mental health problems: outcomes and early identification.

儿童心理健康问题筛查：结果和早期识别。

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02015.x
• 发表时间: 2009-05
• 期刊: Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
• 作者: Essex MJ;Kraemer HC;Slattery MJ;Burk LR;Boyce WT;Woodward HR;Kupfer DJ
• 通讯作者: Kupfer DJ

The contemporary face of gender differences and similarities in depression throughout adolescence: Development and chronicity.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.071
• 发表时间: 2016-11-15
• 期刊: Journal of affective disorders
• 影响因子: 6.6
• 作者: Salk RH;Petersen JL;Abramson LY;Hyde JS
• 通讯作者: Hyde JS

Longitudinal stability and developmental properties of salivary cortisol levels and circadian rhythms from childhood to adolescence.

• DOI: 10.1002/dev.20607
• 发表时间: 2012-07
• 期刊: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Shirtcliff, Elizabeth A.;Allison, Amber L.;Armstrong, Jeffrey M.;Slattery, Marcia J.;Kalin, Ned H.;Essex, Marilyn J.
• 通讯作者: Essex, Marilyn J.