Analysis of Speciation by Complex Trait Mapping

通过复杂性状作图分析物种形成

• 批准号: 6636656
• 负责人: CHUNG-I WU
• 金额: $ 26.33万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-05-01 至 2005-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6636656
• 关键词: Drosophilidae; animal population genetics; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral genetics; computer simulation; ethology; genetic mapping; genetic markers; genetic models; genetic regulation; genetic strain; genetic techniques; genotype; high performance liquid chromatography; method development; molecular cloning; nucleic acid sequence; phenotype; reproduction; sex behavior; species difference

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract): Understanding the genetic and molecular bases of complex traits is a challenging task. Among all complex traits, those that define aspects of species differentiation hold a special place in evolutionary biology. Our aims are: I) Development of the recurrent selection/backcross (RS/B) method for mapping and cloning genes of complex traits - The method relies on continual selection for the desired phenotype (say, High) while backcrossing the selected products recurrently to lines of the opposite phenotype (Low). The final product should be lines whose genomes are derived from the Low parent, except at or near loci pertaining to the High phenotype. Whole genome scanning of marker genotypes should allow precise mapping of the majority of loci controlling the phenotype. We plan to develop this method using both computer simulations and analytical modeling. The method is also applicable to the analysis of the dynamics of nascent speciation, as well as the concept of species at the molecular level (Ting et al. 2000). II) Application of the method to Drosophila racial differentiation in sexual behaviors - The trait chosen is the strong sexual preference of D. melanogaster from Zimbabwe for their own type (Z type), over flies from other continents (M-type). Selection will be based on the fact that only Z-type males succeed in mating with pure Z females; selected males will then be backcrossed to M females. The experiment, after 40 generations, will create 60 replicate lines carrying Z-derived DNA at or near loci that determine Z-type male behavior; elsewhere, they will be M-like. Flies from Generation 20 and 40 will be genotyped over Chromosome III using DNA markers to be developed. We expect to define the total genetic architecture accurately and to map some of the major Z-maleness loci to within 30 kb. In the final phase, we will carry out association studies between 30 natural isolates and the candidate genes from each mapped region.

描述（申请人的摘要）：了解遗传和分子 复杂特征的基础是一项具有挑战性的任务。在所有复杂的特征中，那些 定义物种分化的各个方面在 进化生物学。我们的目标是： I) 开发轮回选择/回交（RS/B）作图方法 和克隆复杂性状的基因 - 该方法依赖于持续选择 在回交所选产品时获得所需的表型（例如，高） 反复出现相反表型的品系（低）。最终产品应该 是其基因组源自低亲本的品系，除了处于或接近 与高表型相关的基因座。标记物的全基因组扫描 基因型应该能够精确定位控制基因的大多数基因座 表型。我们计划使用计算机模拟和 分析建模。该方法也适用于分析 新生物种形成的动力学，以及物种的概念 分子水平（Ting et al. 2000）。 II) 该方法在果蝇性别种族分化中的应用 行为 - 选择的特征是黑腹果蝇强烈的性偏好 来自津巴布韦的自己的类型（Z型），飞过来自其他大陆的苍蝇 （M型）。选择将基于只有 Z 型雄性才能成功的事实 与纯Z雌性交配；然后将选定的雄性与 M 回交 女性。该实验经过 40 代后，将创建 60 个复制品系 在决定 Z 型男性行为的基因座或其附近携带 Z 衍生 DNA； 在其他地方，它们将是类似 M 的。第 20 代和第 40 代的苍蝇将 使用待开发的 DNA 标记对染色体 III 进行基因分型。我们期望 准确定义总遗传结构并绘制一些主要基因图谱 Z-雄性基因座在 30 kb 以内。在最后阶段，我们将进行 30个天然分离株与候选基因之间的关联研究 每个映射区域。