Genetics of Aggression in Drosophila

果蝇攻击性遗传学

• 批准号: 7013350
• 负责人: TRUDY F. MACKAY
• 金额: $ 28.11万
• 依托单位: NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY RALEIGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-05-01 至 2010-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7013350
• 关键词: Drosophilidae; aggression; animal population genetics; arthropod genetics; behavior prediction; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral genetics; gene environment interaction; gene induction /repression; gene interaction; genetic screening; genetic strain; hair; high throughput technology; microarray technology; quantitative trait loci; sensory receptors; starvation; stress; transposon /insertion element

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Understanding the genetic and neurobiological basis of aggression is important for human welfare, as pathological levels of aggression result in socially disruptive, violent behaviors. However, our understanding of the genetic mechanisms and the environmental triggers responsible for aggressive behavior is far from complete. The difficulty arises because aggression is a complex trait, affected by interacting ensembles of multiple genes whose expression depends on the environment, and because, until recently, it was difficult to quantify aggressive behavior in a model system amenable to high-throughput genetic analysis. We have developed a high-throughput, reproducible assay to quantify aggressive behavior in the genetic model organism, Drosophila melanogaster. The long-term goal of this research program is to identify networks of genes affecting Drosophila aggressive behavior, the subset of genes responsible for naturally occurring variation in aggression that are the substrate for evolutionary forces; and to determine how interactions between genetic networks and environmental factors shape the expression of aggressive behavior in Drosophila. In this project period, we will (1) screen a collection of 800 P-element insert lines that have been generated in a co-isogenic background to identify new genes affecting aggressive behavior, (2) conduct whole genome expression studies on P-element insert lines affecting aggressive behavior and artificial selection lines with increased and decreased levels of aggression, to identify co-regulated genetic networks affecting aggression, and test the model predictions; and (3) map quantitative trait loci affecting naturally occurring variation in aggressive behavior between lines selected for increased and decreased levels of aggressive behavior. Increased levels of aggression occur in alcoholics, Alzheimer's Disease patients, and individuals suffering from behavioral disorders, such as borderline personality disorder and intermittent explosive disorder. The social and economic costs to our society that result from violent behavior, and efforts to control it, are enormous. Determining what genetic factors affect aggressive behavior is challenging in humans, but can be addressed more readily in model organisms. Given the evolutionary conservation of function for fundamental traits, such as aggression, genes and pathways discovered in model organisms can be incorporated as candidate genes in human linkage and association studies.

描述（由申请人提供）：了解侵略的遗传和神经生物学基础对于人类福利很重要，因为侵略的病理水平会导致社会破坏性，暴力行为。但是，我们对负责侵略行为的遗传机制和环境触发者的理解远非完整。之所以出现困难，是因为侵略是一个复杂的特征，受到多个基因的相互作用的相互作用，其表达取决于环境，并且直到最近，在模型系统中很难量化侵略性行为，可与高通量遗传分析相提并论。我们已经开发了一种高通量，可重复的测定法，以量化遗传模型有机体果蝇中的侵略性行为。该研究计划的长期目标是确定影响果蝇侵略行为的基因网络，这是负责自然发生侵略性变化的基因的子集，这是进化力的底物；并确定遗传网络和环境因素之间的相互作用如何塑造果蝇中侵略性行为的表达。在这个项目期间，我们将（1）屏幕集合在共同生成背景中生成的800个P元素插入线，以识别影响侵略性行为的新基因，（2）对P元素的插入线进行整个基因组表达研究，影响攻击性行为和人为选择线，并识别侵略水平，以识别遗传攻击，并测试攻击效果，并测试了攻击效果。 （3）映射定量性状基因座影响选择攻击行为水平和降低的线条之间的侵略性行为的自然变化。 酗酒者，阿尔茨海默氏病患者以及患有行为障碍的人，例如边缘性人格障碍和间歇性爆炸性障碍，侵略水平提高。暴力行为和控制努力所造成的社会和经济成本是巨大的。确定哪些遗传因素会影响侵略行为在人类中具有挑战性，但在模型生物体中可以更容易地解决。鉴于基本特征的功能的进化保守，例如在模型生物体中发现的侵略，基因和途径可以纳入人类链接和关联研究中的候选基因。