Analysis of Speciation by Complex Trait Mapping

通过复杂性状作图分析物种形成

• 批准号: 6736246
• 负责人: CHUNG-I WU
• 金额: $ 26.53万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-05-01 至 2005-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6736246
• 关键词: Drosophilidae; animal population genetics; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral genetics; computer simulation; ethology; genetic mapping; genetic markers; genetic models; genetic regulation; genetic strain; genetic techniques; genotype; high performance liquid chromatography; method development; molecular cloning; nucleic acid sequence; phenotype; reproduction; sex behavior; species difference

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract): Understanding the genetic and molecular bases of complex traits is a challenging task. Among all complex traits, those that define aspects of species differentiation hold a special place in evolutionary biology. Our aims are: I) Development of the recurrent selection/backcross (RS/B) method for mapping and cloning genes of complex traits - The method relies on continual selection for the desired phenotype (say, High) while backcrossing the selected products recurrently to lines of the opposite phenotype (Low). The final product should be lines whose genomes are derived from the Low parent, except at or near loci pertaining to the High phenotype. Whole genome scanning of marker genotypes should allow precise mapping of the majority of loci controlling the phenotype. We plan to develop this method using both computer simulations and analytical modeling. The method is also applicable to the analysis of the dynamics of nascent speciation, as well as the concept of species at the molecular level (Ting et al. 2000). II) Application of the method to Drosophila racial differentiation in sexual behaviors - The trait chosen is the strong sexual preference of D. melanogaster from Zimbabwe for their own type (Z type), over flies from other continents (M-type). Selection will be based on the fact that only Z-type males succeed in mating with pure Z females; selected males will then be backcrossed to M females. The experiment, after 40 generations, will create 60 replicate lines carrying Z-derived DNA at or near loci that determine Z-type male behavior; elsewhere, they will be M-like. Flies from Generation 20 and 40 will be genotyped over Chromosome III using DNA markers to be developed. We expect to define the total genetic architecture accurately and to map some of the major Z-maleness loci to within 30 kb. In the final phase, we will carry out association studies between 30 natural isolates and the candidate genes from each mapped region.

描述（申请人的摘要）：了解遗传和分子 复杂特征的基础是一项具有挑战性的任务。在所有复杂的特征中， 定义物种差异化的各个方面在 进化生物学。我们的目标是： i）开发用于映射的经常性选择/反向交叉（RS/B）方法 和复杂性状的克隆基因 - 该方法依赖于连续选择 对于所需的表型（例如，高），在覆盖选定的产品时 经常到相反表型的线（低）。最终产品应该 是其基因组衍生自父母的线，除非或附近 与高表型有关的基因座。标记的整个基因组扫描 基因型应允许精确地映射控制 表型。我们计划使用计算机模拟和 分析建模。该方法还适用于分析 新生形成的动力学以及物种的概念 分子水平（Ting等，2000）。 ii）该方法将果蝇种族分化应用于性别 行为 - 选择的特征是D. melanogaster的强烈性偏好 从津巴布韦出发自己的类型（Z类型），从其他大洲的苍蝇上 （M型）。选择将基于只有Z型男性才能成功的事实 与纯Z女性交配；然后，选定的雄性将被反向M 女性。 40代后的实验将创建60个重复线 在确定Z型男性行为的基因座或附近携带Z衍生的DNA； 在其他地方，它们会像M一样。第20和40代的苍蝇将是 使用要开发的DNA标记在III染色体III上进行基因分型。我们希望 准确定义总遗传结构，并绘制一些主要的遗传结构 Z-MaLeness基因座至30 KB以内。在最后阶段，我们将执行 30种天然分离株和来自候选基因的关联研究 每个映射的区域。