Reader's Ability to Flexibly Modify Schema

读者灵活修改Schema的能力

• 批准号: 14580263
• 负责人: USHIRO Yuji
• 金额: $ 1.98万
• 依托单位: University of Tsukuba
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14580263/
• 关键词: schema; reading; working memory; schema modification; test; reading comprehension process

Schema modification tests show the difference between good and poor readers as well as good and poor schema activators. Good readers and good schema activators modify their schemata more precisely, faster and more flexibly than poor readers and poor schema activators. The schema modification of good readers was better than that of poor readers in all texts.The present study also results in statistically significant moderate relationships among all factors in the present study besides the one between inference and working memory. One of those relationships is the one between working memory and the average of the schema modification test scores. Poor working memory restricts the readers' ability to flexibly modify schema.Furthermore, I found that poor readers sometimes activate too specific a schema. They often fail to recover from those narrow schemata. On the other hand, good readers rarely activate those specific schemata but tend to keep open their schemata for future modification. This may be because poor readers' semantic memory is not a well organized hierarchy. Instead, I suppose that they rather rely on episodic memory to compensate for this lack of organization in semantic memory.

模式修改测试表明，良好和差的读者以及良好和差的模式激活因素之间的差异。优秀的读者和良好的模式激活器比贫穷的读者和差的模式激活器更精确，更快，更灵活地修改其模式。在所有文本中，优秀读者的架构修改都比贫穷的读者要好。当前的研究还导致本研究中所有因素之间在所有因素之间具有统计学意义的中等关系，除了推理和工作记忆之间。这些关系之一是工作记忆与模式修改测试得分平均值之间的关系。工作记忆不佳会限制读者灵活修改模式的能力。曲目，我发现较差的读者有时会激活过于特定的模式。他们常常无法从那些狭窄的模式中恢复过来。另一方面，优秀的读者很少激活那些特定的图式，但倾向于将其开放式示意图以进行未来的修改。这可能是因为贫穷的读者的语义记忆不是一个井井有条的层次结构。取而代之的是，我想他们宁愿依靠情节记忆来弥补语义记忆中缺乏组织的缺乏。

项目成果

USHIRO, Yuji: "Working Memory as a Crucial Component of Japanese EFL Reading"IRICE PLAZA(国際コミュニケーション英語研究所). 第12号. 68-79 (2002)

USHIRO, Yuji：“工作记忆是日语 EFL 阅读的重要组成部分”IRICE PLAZA（国际交流英语学院）第 12 期。68-79（2002 年）。

USHIRO, Yuji: "An Analysis of EFL Learners' Use of Pauses, Japanese Translation, and English Repetition in Reading and Listening"Annual Review of English Language Education in Japan (ARELE). 第14号(印刷中にて未定). (2003)

USHIRO, Yuji：“英语学习者在阅读和听力中使用停顿、日语翻译和英语重复的分析”《日本英语语言教育年度评论》(ARELE) 第 14 期（目前正在出版，尚未决定）。 ）

What test constructors should keep in mind : Constructing and scoring a translation test

测试构建者应该记住什么：构建翻译测试并为其评分

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: JLTA Journal 7
• 作者: Ushiro;Y.;Koga;T.;In'nami;Y.;Hijikata;Y.,Niklai;G.;& Murata;E
• 通讯作者: E

卯城 祐司: "英語教員研修プログラムその全容:研修プログラムのモデルケース"大修館書店『英語教育』. 52(4). 14-17 (2003)

Yuji Ushiro：“英语教师培训计划的全貌：培训计划的典型案例”《大周馆书店》《英语教育》52（4）14-17（2003）。

Toward a New English Language Education : Interface Between Theory and Practice

迈向新的英语教育:理论与实践的结合

• 发表时间: 2002
• 作者: Yuji USHIRO