ERP Investigations of Novelty Processing in Different Patterns of Cognitive Aging

不同认知老化模式下新奇事物加工的 ERP 研究

• 批准号: 8074435
• 负责人: KIRK R DAFFNER
• 金额: $ 48.92万
• 依托单位: BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-04-01 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8074435
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Age; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; American; Behavioral; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Development; Elderly; Employee Strikes; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Foundations; Goals; Health; Individual; Investigation; Life; Longevity; Measures; Neuropsychological Tests; Pattern; Performance; Phase; Process; Public Health; Research; Resource Allocation; Resources; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Staging; Stimulus; Testing; Time; Work; age related; aging population; base; cognitive neuroscience; field study; indexing; information processing; insight; member; middle age; neuropsychological; novel; novelty processing; operation; relating to nervous system; research study; response; selective attention; theories; tool; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): As increasing numbers of Americans are living to advanced ages, understanding what allows individuals to maintain meaningful levels of intellectual functioning and independence has become a major public health concern. The primary goal of the proposed research is to investigate the ways in which information processing of cognitively `successful' older adults differs from that of cognitively less successful ones. Event-related potential (ERP) indices of sensory-perceptual encoding, selective attention, and capacity- limited controlled processing will be measured. This will provide an opportunity to evaluate competing theories about cognitive aging that differ in terms of which information processing operations are hypothesized to be most important to age-related changes in cognition. Our proposal emphasizes novelty processing because increased responsiveness to novelty may not only be a reflection of successful cognitive aging, but also help to promote it. In the proposed study, individuals from 18 to over 90 years old will be divided into cognitively high and cognitively average performers based on age-appropriate neuropsychological test norms. A carefully planned set of ERP experiments will examine the extent to which groups varying in cognitive status differ in age-related changes in novelty processing under conditions that manipulate demands on 1) capacity-limited controlled processing (Aim 1), 2) context-appropriate resource allocation (Aim 2), and 3) selective attention to task-relevant events (Aim 3). Aim 1 will be addressed by comparing responses to novel stimuli under single vs. dual-task conditions. Aim 2 will be addressed by comparing responses to novelty under conditions that vary whether novel stimuli serve as distracters or potentially meaningful events. Aim 3 will be addressed by comparing responses to salient stimuli under attend vs. ignore conditions. Our work will provide important insights into 1) the extent to which age-related differences between cognitively high and average performing adults are due to a decline in information processing capacity that begins earlier in the lifespan for average performers; 2) the extent to which the magnitude of age-related differences between cognitively high and average performing adults differ across various stages of information processing; 3) the extent to which members of different age and cognitive groups are able to vary their response to novel events depending on the context in which they occur; and 4) the extent to which ERP indices of sensory-perceptual encoding, selective attention, and capacity-limited controlled processing can differentially account for the variance in age-related changes in neuropsychological performance. In summary, the proposed research will provide an opportunity to elucidate factors that are fundamental to successful cognitive aging, an endeavor that is critical to this important field of study. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research will investigate factors that contribute to successful cognitive aging, a topic of major importance to public health as an increasing number of Americans are living to advanced ages. We will study age-related changes in brain wave activity in individuals from 18 to over 90 years old who vary in their level of intellectual functioning. We aim to identify underlying mechanisms that allow people to remain active and high functioning throughout adulthood.

描述（由申请人提供）：随着越来越多的美国人活到高龄，了解如何让个人保持有意义的智力功能和独立水平已成为主要的公共卫生问题。本研究的主要目标是调查认知“成功”的老年人与认知不太成功的老年人的信息处理方式有何不同。将测量感觉知觉编码、选择性注意和能力有限的控制处理的事件相关电位（ERP）指数。这将为评估有关认知衰老的竞争理论提供机会，这些理论的不同之处在于假设哪些信息处理操作对与年龄相关的认知变化最重要。我们的建议强调新颖性处理，因为对新颖性的反应增加可能不仅是成功认知老化的反映，而且还有助于促进它。在拟议的研究中，根据适合年龄的神经心理学测试标准，将 18 岁至 90 岁以上的个体分为认知能力较高和认知能力一般的人。一组精心策划的 ERP 实验将检查不同认知状态的群体在操纵 1）容量有限的受控处理（目标 1）、2）情境适当的需求的条件下，在新颖性处理中与年龄相关的变化的差异程度。资源分配（目标 2），以及 3）选择性关注任务相关事件（目标 3）。目标 1 将通过比较单任务和双任务条件下对新刺激的反应来实现。目标 2 将通过比较在不同条件下对新奇事物的反应来解决，无论新奇刺激是干扰因素还是潜在有意义的事件。目标 3 将通过比较关注与忽略条件下对显着刺激的反应来解决。我们的工作将提供重要的见解：1）认知能力高的成年人和表现一般的成年人之间与年龄相关的差异在多大程度上是由于表现一般的人在生命早期开始的信息处理能力下降所致； 2) 认知能力较高的成年人和表现一般的成年人之间与年龄相关的差异程度在信息处理的各个阶段有所不同； 3）不同年龄和认知群体的成员能够根据新事件发生的背景而改变他们对新事件的反应的程度； 4）感觉知觉编码、选择性注意和能力有限的控制处理的ERP指数可以在多大程度上差异性地解释神经心理学表现中与年龄相关的变化的差异。总之，拟议的研究将提供一个机会来阐明成功认知衰老的基础因素，这一努力对于这一重要的研究领域至关重要。公共健康相关性：拟议的研究将调查有助于成功认知衰老的因素，随着越来越多的美国人活到高龄，这一话题对公共健康非常重要。我们将研究 18 岁至 90 岁以上个体的脑电波活动与年龄相关的变化，这些个体的智力功能水平各不相同。我们的目标是确定使人们在整个成年期保持活跃和高功能的潜在机制。