Child poverty, housing, and healthy decision-making

儿童贫困、住房和健康决策

基本信息

批准号：
10593213
负责人：
SETH D POLLAK
金额：
$ 19.44万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2023-01-01 至 2024-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10593213
关键词：
15 year old Academic achievement Academy Address Adolescence Adolescent Age Agreement American Area Attention Attenuated Automobile Driving Basic Science Behavior Behavior Control Behavioral Behavioral Mechanisms Brain COVID-19 Child Child Care Child Development Childhood Chronic Chronic stress Communities Complex Consent County Data Decision Making Development Employment Environment Family Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Funding Graduation Rates Growth Health Health behavior Household Housing Income Individual Differences Instruction Intervention Interview Job loss Judgment Knowledge Laboratories Life Life Cycle Stages Link Literature Long-Term Effects Longevity Measures Medical Assistance Neural Pathways Neurobiology Neurocognitive Neurosciences Nutritional Outcome Parents Participant Pathway interactions Pediatrics Performance Policies Poverty Problem behavior Procedures Process Public Health Public Housing Public Policy Race Randomized Records Research Resources Risk Risk Behaviors Risk Taking Sampling Schools Skin Specific qualifier value Study Subject Testing Time Treatment Efficacy U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Waiting Lists Well in self Wisconsin Youth age group behavioral outcome biobehavior child poverty child protective service cognitive control cognitive process early adolescence early life adversity effective intervention effectiveness testing efficacy evaluation experience health economics high risk high school improved improved outcome mind control neural neural correlate neurobehavioral novel strategies postnatal programs recruit sex socioeconomics unemployment insurance uptake voucher

项目摘要

The American Academy of Pediatrics includes child poverty on its list of the most-dire health issues facing children. Child poverty is a multi-determined complex problem with well-documented correlations to profound and enduring negative effects on health and behaviors across the lifespan. Critically, there are substantial gaps in scientific understanding of neurobehavioral mechanisms linking poverty to these outcomes, making it difficult to tailor effective interventions to youth at risk. This project addresses this significant public health issue by testing the effectiveness of an existing anti-poverty program, subsidized housing, on the neural correlates of decision-making and cognitive-control in youths. Though stable housing has never been directly tested with regard to children’s biobehavioral outcomes, there is ample ancillary data from the chronic stress literature to suggest that housing could be leveraged to improve children’s outcomes. The general aim of the proposal is to assess whether receipt of stable housing in childhood can attenuate deficits in cognitive processes (e.g., decision-making, risk-valuation, attention) contributing to poorer academic outcomes and health-related behaviors. The project aims to determine whether means-tested public programs, namely public housing and housing voucher programs, moderate maladaptive judgment and decision-making and examine whether stable housing in childhood is related to longer-term outcomes such as increased academic performance and reduced risk-taking behavior in early adolescence. This exploratory project will determine if there is sufficient evidence to support a full scale R01 to address: (1) Developmental change in adolescents ages 12-15 years, covering transitions when academic problems and risky behaviors emerge, (2) Discrete neurodevelopmental mechanisms that can reveal the efficacy of housing subsidies in mitigating negative outcomes of children growing up in poverty, (3) Characterize aspects of both brain functioning, laboratory-based behavior, and relevant behaviors in adolescents’ actual lives, and (4) Employ sophisticated computational rigor to study these critical questions. Because the experience of childhood/adolescent poverty is a powerful determinant of many subsequent academic and health problems, the high risk-high gain data generated from this project have the potential to profoundly evaluate the efficacy of family housing subsidies in the U.S, and will provide critical information and a framework for evaluating other federally- and state-funded programs. It will do so by highlighting differences in key cognitive processes in the brain necessary for academic achievement and effective decision-making in adolescence and beyond. The project holds potential to open pathways for new research that defines and specifies mechanistic ways in which the environment creates long-term effects on brain and behavior. These foci hold tremendous promise for advancement of knowledge and application to improvement of public health.

美国儿科学会将儿童贫困列入其面临的最严峻的健康问题清单儿童贫困是一个由多因素决定的复杂问题，其与儿童的深刻关联有据可查。以及对整个生命周期的健康和行为产生持久的负面影响。对将贫困与这些结果联系起来的神经行为机制的科学理解，使得为面临风险的青少年制定有效的干预措施，该项目通过以下方式解决这一重大公共卫生问题。测试现有反贫困计划（补贴住房）对神经相关性的有效性尽管稳定的住房从未经过直接测试。关于儿童的生物行为结果，有大量来自慢性压力文献的辅助数据建议可以利用住房来改善儿童的成果该提案的总体目标是评估童年时期获得稳定的住房是否可以减轻认知过程的缺陷（例如，决策、风险评估、注意力）导致学业成绩和健康相关的较差该项目旨在确定是否进行经济状况调查的公共计划，即公共住房和住房券计划，适度适应不良的判断和决策，并检查是否稳定童年时期的住房与长期结果有关，例如学业成绩的提高和这个探索性项目将确定是否有足够的风险行为。支持全面 R01 的证据可解决：(1) 12-15 岁青少年的发育变化，涵盖出现学术问题和危险行为时的转变，（2）离散神经发育揭示住房补贴在减轻儿童负面后果方面的功效的机制在贫困中长大，(3) 描述大脑功能、基于实验室的行为以及青少年实际生活中的相关行为，以及（4）采用复杂的计算严谨性来研究这些行为因为童年/青少年的贫困经历是许多人的重要决定因素。后续的学业和健康问题，本项目产生的高风险高收益数据具有深入评估美国家庭住房补贴的有效性的潜力，并将提供关键的它将通过以下方式提供评估其他联邦和州资助项目的信息和框架。强调学术成就所必需的大脑关键认知过程的差异该项目有潜力为青春期及以后的时期开辟新的道路。定义和详细说明环境对人产生长期影响的机制方式的研究这些焦点对于知识的进步和应用具有巨大的希望。改善公共卫生。