Child poverty, housing, and healthy decision-making

儿童贫困、住房和健康决策

基本信息

批准号：
10593213
负责人：
SETH D POLLAK
金额：
$ 19.44万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2023-01-01 至 2024-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10593213
关键词：
15 year old Academic achievement Academy Address Adolescence Adolescent Age Agreement American Area Attention Attenuated Automobile Driving Basic Science Behavior Behavior Control Behavioral Behavioral Mechanisms Brain COVID-19 Child Child Care Child Development Childhood Chronic Chronic stress Communities Complex Consent County Data Decision Making Development Employment Environment Family Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Funding Graduation Rates Growth Health Health behavior Household Housing Income Individual Differences Instruction Intervention Interview Job loss Judgment Knowledge Laboratories Life Life Cycle Stages Link Literature Long-Term Effects Longevity Measures Medical Assistance Neural Pathways Neurobiology Neurocognitive Neurosciences Nutritional Outcome Parents Participant Pathway interactions Pediatrics Performance Policies Poverty Problem behavior Procedures Process Public Health Public Housing Public Policy Race Randomized Records Research Resources Risk Risk Behaviors Risk Taking Sampling Schools Skin Specific qualifier value Study Subject Testing Time Treatment Efficacy U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Waiting Lists Well in self Wisconsin Youth age group behavioral outcome biobehavior child poverty child protective service cognitive control cognitive process early adolescence early life adversity effective intervention effectiveness testing efficacy evaluation experience health economics high risk high school improved improved outcome mind control neural neural correlate neurobehavioral novel strategies postnatal programs recruit sex socioeconomics unemployment insurance uptake voucher

项目摘要

The American Academy of Pediatrics includes child poverty on its list of the most-dire health issues facing children. Child poverty is a multi-determined complex problem with well-documented correlations to profound and enduring negative effects on health and behaviors across the lifespan. Critically, there are substantial gaps in scientific understanding of neurobehavioral mechanisms linking poverty to these outcomes, making it difficult to tailor effective interventions to youth at risk. This project addresses this significant public health issue by testing the effectiveness of an existing anti-poverty program, subsidized housing, on the neural correlates of decision-making and cognitive-control in youths. Though stable housing has never been directly tested with regard to children’s biobehavioral outcomes, there is ample ancillary data from the chronic stress literature to suggest that housing could be leveraged to improve children’s outcomes. The general aim of the proposal is to assess whether receipt of stable housing in childhood can attenuate deficits in cognitive processes (e.g., decision-making, risk-valuation, attention) contributing to poorer academic outcomes and health-related behaviors. The project aims to determine whether means-tested public programs, namely public housing and housing voucher programs, moderate maladaptive judgment and decision-making and examine whether stable housing in childhood is related to longer-term outcomes such as increased academic performance and reduced risk-taking behavior in early adolescence. This exploratory project will determine if there is sufficient evidence to support a full scale R01 to address: (1) Developmental change in adolescents ages 12-15 years, covering transitions when academic problems and risky behaviors emerge, (2) Discrete neurodevelopmental mechanisms that can reveal the efficacy of housing subsidies in mitigating negative outcomes of children growing up in poverty, (3) Characterize aspects of both brain functioning, laboratory-based behavior, and relevant behaviors in adolescents’ actual lives, and (4) Employ sophisticated computational rigor to study these critical questions. Because the experience of childhood/adolescent poverty is a powerful determinant of many subsequent academic and health problems, the high risk-high gain data generated from this project have the potential to profoundly evaluate the efficacy of family housing subsidies in the U.S, and will provide critical information and a framework for evaluating other federally- and state-funded programs. It will do so by highlighting differences in key cognitive processes in the brain necessary for academic achievement and effective decision-making in adolescence and beyond. The project holds potential to open pathways for new research that defines and specifies mechanistic ways in which the environment creates long-term effects on brain and behavior. These foci hold tremendous promise for advancement of knowledge and application to improvement of public health.

美国儿科学会包括儿童贫困孩子们。儿童贫困是一个多确定的复杂问题，有据可查的与深刻的相关性并对整个生命周期的健康和行为产生负面影响。至关重要的是有很大的空白在科学理解将贫困与这些结果联系起来的神经行为机制中量身定制对处于危险的年轻人的有效干预措施。该项目通过测试现有的反贫困计划的有效性，补贴住房，在神经相关性上年轻人的决策和认知控制。尽管从未直接测试稳定的住房关注儿童的生物行为结果，从慢性压力文献中有足够的辅助数据到建议可以利用住房来改善儿童的成果。该提议的一般目的是评估童年时期稳定住房是否可以减弱认知过程中的定义（例如，决策，风险评估，注意力）促成较差的学术成果和与健康有关的结果行为。该项目旨在确定是否有经济测试的公共计划，即公共住房和住房优惠券计划，适度的适应不良法官和决策以及检查是否稳定童年的住房与长期成果有关，例如增加的学习成绩和青少年早期的冒险行为降低。这个探索性项目将确定是否足够支持全尺度R01的证据：（1）12-15岁的青少年的发展变化，当出现学术问题和冒险行为时涵盖过渡，（2）离散的神经发育可以揭示住房补贴在减轻儿童负面结果中的效率的机制在贫困中成长，（3）表征大脑功能，基于实验室行为和青少年实际生活中的相关行为，以及（4）采用复杂的计算严谨来研究这些关键问题。因为童年/青少年贫困的经验是许多人的有力决定因素随后的学术和健康问题，该项目产生的高风险高收益数据具有深刻评估美国家庭住房补贴效率的潜力，并将提供关键信息和评估其他联邦和国家资助计划的框架。它将这样做强调了学术成就和青少年及以后的有效决策。该项目有可能开放新的途径定义和指定环境对机械方式产生长期影响的机械方式的研究大脑和行为。这些焦点对知识和应用的发展具有巨大的希望改善公共卫生。