Airborne PCBs: Sources, Exposures, Toxicities, Remediation

空气中多氯联苯：来源、暴露、毒性、修复

• 批准号: 10238312
• 负责人: Keri C Hornbuckle
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-05-12 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10238312
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Air; Area; Bacteria; Biochemical; Biological; Centers of Research Excellence; Chemicals; Child; Communication; Communities; Complex; Construction Materials; Data; Data Science; Detection; Development; Diet; Environment; Environmental Health; Environmental Pollutants; Evaluation; Exposure to; Family; Goals; Health; Home; Household; Human; Individual; Indoor environment; Industrialization; Inhalation; Inhalation Exposure; Intervention; Iowa; Malignant Neoplasms; Metabolic; Metabolic syndrome; Methods; Molecular; Mothers; Neurodevelopmental Impairment; Personal Satisfaction; Poison; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Population; Process; Program Research Project Grants; Recommendation; Research; Research Activity; Research Personnel; Research Priority; Research Project Grants; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Route; Schools; Scientist; Site; Soil; Source; Superfund; Testing; Time; Toxic effect; Training; Training Programs; Translating; Translational Research; base; building materials; career; cohort; community engagement; contaminated sediment; contaminated water; cost effective; design; detection method; dietary; experience; exposed human population; fungus; improved; innovation; lipid metabolism; microbial; neurodevelopment; new technology; novel; novel strategies; prevent; programs; remediation; skills; superfund chemical; superfund site; tool

SUMMARY: Iowa Superfund Research Program Overall The Iowa Superfund Research Program (ISRP) is a center of research excellence focused on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PCBs were widely produced in the mid-20th century and used in thousands of products, from common household items to construction materials, until the chemicals were banned 40 years ago. Today, people are still exposed to PCBs indoors and in communities surrounding Superfund sites. Recent ISRP research demonstrated that airborne PCBs present an especially urgent problem: Inhalation of airborne PCBs may be the most significant route for human exposure to these important toxic chemicals. The ISRP’s long- term goal is to develop recommendations to prevent and/or limit human exposure to airborne PCBs and to improve the health and well-being of the population. The ISRP renewal will focus on PCBs in air, particularly in buildings (especially schools) and those emitted from contaminated waters (including Superfund sites). We will examine the health impacts of inhaled PCBs, particularly on adolescents, with a focus on neurodevelopmental and metabolic effects. The ISRP will accomplish its long-term goal through the following integrated Specific Aims: 1) Clarify the biochemical mechanisms of toxicity of lower-chlorinated PCBs in adolescence. Two projects will address how PCBs and their metabolites are risk factors for altered neurodevelopment during adolescence and the mechanisms by which these compounds interfere with lipid metabolism. 2) Define susceptible populations, assess exposure and accumulation of these compounds (particularly in schools), and evaluate the relative importance of airborne vs. dietary exposure. Three cohorts of mothers and adolescents will help us evaluate individuals’ exposure to airborne PCBs, the specific environments that contribute to inhalation exposure, and its importance compared to exposure through diet. 3) Reduce emissions of airborne PCBs from building materials, products, and contaminated sediments. We will investigate sources of airborne PCBs in indoor environments, determine the magnitude of emissions from contaminated waters, and identify cost-effective strategies to remove or reduce emissions. This includes development of a new approach using novel materials to sequester lower chlorinated PCBs in sediments and break down PCBs through microbial processes to reduce PCB emissions from contaminated waters. 4) Train and attract new scientists to the environmental health sciences. Our training program will enhance research skills in data science, chemical analysis, community engagement, and research translation. 5) Engage the scientific community and stakeholders in bi-directional communication on ISRP research priorities, findings, and recommendations. We will communicate the ISRP’s research approaches and findings to a wide range of researchers, agencies, and community stakeholders to maximize impact and enable communities to make timely, informed decisions to reduce local PCB exposure.

摘要：爱荷华州超级基金研究计划总体 爱荷华州超级基金研究计划（ISRP）是专注于多氯的研究中心 双苯基（PCB）。 PCB在20世纪中叶广泛生产，并用于数千种产品， 与建筑材料的常见家务物品，直到40年前禁止化学物质为止。今天， 人们仍在室内和超级基金站点周围的社区中接触PCB。最近的ISRP 研究表明，机载PCB提出了一个特别紧迫的问题：吸入机载PCB 可能是人类接触这些重要有毒化学物质的最重要途径。 ISRP的长期 术语目标是制定建议，以防止和/或限制人类对空中PCB的接触以及 改善人口的健康和福祉。 ISRP更新将集中在空气中的PCB上，尤其是在 建筑物（尤其是学校）和从受污染的水域（包括超级基金网站）发出的建筑物。我们将 检查成立PCB的健康影响，特别是对青少年的影响，重点是神经发育 和代谢作用。 ISRP将通过以下集成的特定来实现其长期目标 目的：1）阐明青少年氯化PCB毒性的生化机制。二 项目将解决PCB及其代谢产物如何成为改变神经发育的风险因素 这些化合物会干扰脂质代谢的青少年及其机制。 2）定义 易感人群，评估暴露和这些化合物的积累（部分是 学校），并评估空降与饮食暴露的相对重要性。三个队列 母亲和青少年将帮助我们评估个人对空中PCB的接触，这是特定的 与饮食接触相比，有助于吸入的环境及其重要性。 3） 减少从建筑材料，产品和受污染的沉积物中的空气中PCB的排放。 我们将研究室内环境中机载PCB的来源，确定排放的大小 从受污染的水域中，确定删除或减少排放的经济高效策略。这包括 使用新型材料开发一种新方法来隔离沉积物中的氯化PCB和 通过微生物过程分解PCB，以减少受污染水域的PCB排放。 4）火车 并吸引新科学家进入环境健康科学。我们的培训计划将增强 数据科学，化学分析，社区参与和研究翻译方面的研究技能。 5） 让科学界和利益相关者参与ISRP研究的双向交流 优先事项，发现和建议。我们将传达ISRP的研究方法，并 对广泛的研究人员，机构和社区利益相关者的调查结果，以最大程度地发挥影响力 使社区能够及时做出明智的决定，以减少当地的PCB暴露。