Executive functions in urban Hispanic/Latino youth: exposure to mixture of arsenic and pesticides during childhood

城市西班牙裔/拉丁裔青年的执行功能：童年时期接触砷和农药的混合物

• 批准号: 10751106
• 负责人: Danelly Rodriguez
• 金额: $ 3.63万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-02-01 至 2027-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10751106
• 关键词: Acids; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adverse effects; Affect; Age; Animals; Area; Arsenic; Attention; Biological; Biological Markers; Brain; Brain region; Caregivers; Caring; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Chlorpyrifos; Chronic; Cities; Cognition; Cognitive; Communities; Crystallization; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Diet; Disadvantaged; Education; Enrollment; Environmental Epidemiology; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Risk Factor; Episodic memory; Equipment and supply inventories; Exposure to; Family; Foundations; Goals; Health; Health Personnel; Health Policy; High Prevalence; Hispanic; Home; Human Development; Individual; Joints; Knowledge; Language; Latin America; Latino; Latino Population; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Liquid substance; Longitudinal Studies; Manuscripts; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Neighborhoods; Neurodevelopmental Disability; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Pesticides; Policies; Population; Predisposition; Prefrontal Cortex; Preparation; Preventive; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Rice; Risk; Rural; Schools; Short-Term Memory; Solid; Source; South American; Standardization; Statistical Models; System; Testing; Time; Toxic Environmental Substances; Toxicant exposure; Training; Translating; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Urban Community; Uruguay; Youth; aged; base; career; caregiving; cohort; contextual factors; dietary; executive function; experience; flexibility; follow-up; health disparity; human disease; hydroxypyridine; neurodevelopment; neurodevelopmental effect; neurotoxic; novel; pesticide exposure; pollutant; prenatal; prenatal exposure; processing speed; programs; pyrethroid; social determinants; toxicant; urban setting; urinary

Project Summary/Abstract Neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD) are on the rise in the United States and worldwide but remain underdiagnosed among Hispanic/Latino children partly due to insufficient research on environmental risk factors. Inorganic arsenic (As) is a known neurotoxicant at higher exposure levels. Chronic levels of pesticides are also neurotoxic, affecting child cognition when exposure occurs in the prenatal period. But the relative contribution of lower levels of As and chronic common-use pesticide (chlorpyrifos and pyrethroids) exposure in urban Hispanic/Latino youth is unclear. It is also not well understood how childhood exposures affect executive function (EF) during adolescence, a critical window of susceptibility underpinned by the maturation of brain areas like the prefrontal cortex. As and pesticides accumulate mostly in EF-dominated brain regions. Combined effects produce more decreases in neurons and larger accumulations in brain regions than when examined individually. Deficits in domains of EF underlie NDDs. While there is a biological rationale and evidence of the proposed association, there are no longitudinal studies of the independent and mixture effects of childhood chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids, and low-level As, exposure on EF of urban Hispanic/Latino adolescents. This proposal will leverage a school cohort in Montevideo, a highly urban, South American city with exposure to many pollutants. The Salud Ambiental Montevideo (SAM) cohort provides an excellent opportunity to fulfill the proposed aims by providing biomarkers of exposure to As, chlorpyrifos and pyrethroids, multiple measures of EF (seven domains and three composite scores from the NIH Cognitive Toolbox), and rich contextual factors collected at the family and neighborhood levels on 421 participants aged 11-18 years. Aim 1 will estimate the association of As exposure in childhood and adolescence on adolescent EF. Aim 2 will estimate the association of chlorpyrifos and pyrethroids exposure in childhood and adolescence on adolescent EF. Aim 3 will investigate the association of the three exposures combined on EF during adolescence by employing novel statistical models of mixture effects. Accomplishing these aims will have a positive impact on urban Hispanic/Latino children from the US and Latin America by: (1) Laying a foundation of research on environmental risk factors for NDDs in disadvantaged urban communities, (2) A better recognition of the effects of real-world co-exposures to pollutants and (3) informing educational programs that will lead to better-informed caregivers, health and education systems to provide appropriate care, as well as preventive programs to lower exposure among communities that are both disproportionately exposed to and affected by environmental toxicants.

项目摘要/摘要 神经发育障碍（NDD）在美国和全球都在增加，但仍在 在西班牙裔/拉丁美洲裔儿童中诊断不足，部分原因是对环境风险因素的研究不足。 无机砷（AS）是在较高暴露水平下的已知神经毒性。慢性农药也是 神经毒性，在产前期间发生暴露时会影响儿童认知。但是 Urban中AS和慢性普通使用农药（氯吡啶菌和拟除虫菊酯）的较低水平 西班牙裔/拉丁裔青年尚不清楚。还不太了解童年的暴露如何影响执行功能 （ef）在青春期，由大脑区域（例如 前额叶皮层。 AS和农药主要积累在EF主导的大脑区域中。综合效果 与单独检查相比，在神经元中产生更多的降低和大脑区域的积聚更多。 EF基础NDD的域缺陷。虽然有生物学原理和提议的证据 关联，没有关于儿童毒性苦菊的独立和混合作用的纵向研究， 拟除虫菊酯和低水平的EF暴露于城市西班牙裔/拉丁裔青少年。该建议将利用 位于蒙得维的亚的学校队列，这是一个高度城市的南美城市，暴露于许多污染物。萨鲁德 蒙特维迪奥（SAM）队列提供了一个绝佳的机会，可以通过提供来实现拟议的目标 暴露于AS的生物标志物，毒藻和拟除虫菊酯，EF的多种度量（七个域和三个 来自NIH认知工具箱的综合分数），以及在家庭中收集的丰富情境因素 421名11-18岁的参与者的邻里水平。 AIM 1将估算AS暴露的关联 在青春期的儿童和青春期。 AIM 2将估算毒死rif的关联和 青春期EF的儿童和青春期的拟除虫菊酯暴露。 AIM 3将调查关联 在青春期，通过采用新型混合物统计模型，在EF上的三个暴露合并 效果。实现这些目标将对来自美国的城市西班牙裔/拉丁裔儿童产生积极影响 拉丁美洲作者：（1）为处境不利的NDD的环境风险因素奠定基础 城市社区，（2）更好地认识到现实世界共同曝光对污染物的影响和（3） 告知教育计划，这将导致更有信息的护理人员，健康和教育系统 提供适当的护理以及预防计划，以降低既有社区的暴露 不成比例地受到环境有毒物质的影响和影响。