CRCNS: Modulating Neural Population Interactions between Cortical Areas

CRCNS：调节皮质区域之间的神经群体相互作用

基本信息

批准号：
9755523
负责人：
MATTHEW A SMITH
金额：
$ 35.62万
依托单位：
CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-08-03 至 2023-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9755523
关键词：
Address Algorithm Design Algorithms Animal Behavior Area Attention Attention Deficit Disorder Behavior Brain Brain Diseases Brain region Clinical Cognitive Communication Communication impairment Cues Diagnosis Disease Goals Heart Impairment Intervention Investigation Learning Light Link Measures Methods Motor Cortex Nervous system structure Neurons Neurosciences Pattern Perception Performance Physiological Population Prefrontal Cortex Process Research Schizophrenia Site Specific qualifier value Testing Time V4 neuron Visual Visual Cortex Visual Perception Visual attention Work area V4 autism spectrum disorder behavior influence cognitive ability cognitive process communication theory design distraction experimental study extrastriate visual cortex microstimulation nervous system disorder neuromechanism neurophysiology novel novel therapeutic intervention relating to nervous system response sample fixation spatiotemporal tool trait

项目摘要

Understanding how different parts of the brain communicate is perhaps the most fundamental question of neuroscience because it is at the heart of understanding all brain functions and disorders. It is of clinical importance because numerous brain diseases - autism, schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder, and many others - are thought to be due to impaired communication among regions of the brain, and attention in particular is impaired in every major neurological disorder. Even though numerous studies have led to understanding of how single neurons respond to flashes of light or simplified visual objects like lines, relatively little work has been directed toward explicitly learning how groups of neurons communicate with each other, and how that communication enables attending to important information and filtering out distractions. The research described in this proposal seeks to reveal how different parts of the brain communicate to support visual perception. The central question addressed is how different parts of the brain communicate to help select the parts of the visual world that warrant focus, and ignore the parts of the world that are distracting. The specific research aims are designed to (1) reveal how communication between visual and prefrontal cortex modulates over time and how those interactions impact behavior (2) develop statistical approaches to optimize the ability to use stimulation to intervene between these brain regions, and (3) apply these methods with microstimulation in prefrontal cortex to modulate visual responses and, in turn, attentional mechanisms. Together, these aims will have important consequences for the understanding of attention, neuronal communication, and interventional approaches to manipulate the nervous system.

了解大脑不同部分如何沟通可能是神经科学最基本的问题，因为它是理解所有大脑功能和疾病的核心。它具有临床重要性，因为许多脑部疾病 - 自闭症、精神分裂症、注意力缺陷障碍等 - 被认为是由于大脑区域之间的沟通受损造成的，尤其是在每种主要神经系统疾病中注意力受损。尽管大量研究已经了解了单个神经元如何对闪光或简化的视觉对象（如线条）做出反应，但相对较少的工作是明确学习神经元组如何相互通信，以及这种通信如何能够关注重要的事情。信息并过滤掉干扰。该提案中描述的研究旨在揭示大脑的不同部分如何进行通信以支持视觉感知。所讨论的核心问题是大脑的不同部分如何进行交流，以帮助选择视觉世界中值得关注的部分，并忽略世界上分散注意力的部分。具体研究目标旨在 (1) 揭示视觉和前额叶皮层之间的交流如何随着时间的推移进行调节，以及这些相互作用如何影响行为 (2) 开发统计方法来优化使用刺激干预这些大脑区域之间的能力，以及 (3 ）应用这些方法与前额叶皮层的微刺激来调节视觉反应，进而调节注意力机制。总之，这些目标将对理解注意力、神经元通讯和操纵神经系统的介入方法产生重要影响。