Dynamic mechanisms of active vision in prefrontal cortex

前额皮质主动视觉的动态机制

• 批准号: 8628457
• 负责人: MATTHEW A SMITH
• 金额: $ 37.65万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-02-01 至 2019-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8628457
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Amblyopia; Area; Attention; Behavior; Brain; Brain Diseases; Code; Cognitive; Communication; Decision Making; Diagnosis; Disease; Environment; Eye; Eye Movements; Fire - disasters; Goals; Individual; Investigation; Lead; Linear Models; Link; Macaca; Macular degeneration; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Memory; Methods; Motor; Nervous system structure; Neurons; Noise; Nonlinear Dynamics; Outcome; Perception; Performance; Play; Population; Positioning Attribute; Prefrontal Cortex; Primates; Process; Property; Prosthesis; Rehabilitation therapy; Reporting; Research; Role; Saccades; Scanning; Sensory; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; Stimulus; Structure; System; Testing; Time; Traumatic Brain Injury; Vision; Visual; Visual Agnosias; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Visual attention; Visual system structure; Work; active vision; base; brain repair; cognitive function; experience; extrastriate visual cortex; flexibility; frontal eye fields; frontal lobe; improved; meetings; motor control; nervous system disorder; neural circuit; neuronal circuitry; oculomotor; preference; public health relevance; receptive field; relating to nervous system; research study; response; spatial neglect; success; visual information; visual motor; visual process; visual processing; visual stimulus

Dynamic mechanisms of active vision in prefrontal cortex PROJECT SUMMARY Under natural conditions, our visual experience is characterized by frequent eye movements as we scan a rich visual environment. Most experiments, however, have focused on neural responses under visually and behaviorally impoverished conditions, sacrificing realistic conditions for tractability. There is a growing realization that the brain's activity under these conditions does not always generalize to more natural settings, and experiments that probe neuronal dynamics under more complicated situations are needed. The long-term goal of this application is to determine how neural circuits in the primate brain act to generate coherent visual perception despite frequent eye movements and changes in internal cognitive state. The frontal eye field (FEF), a part of prefrontal cortex critical for controlling saccadic eye movements, plays a key role in this function through its unique position in the cortical hierarchy. FEF neurons serve both visual and motor functions, with connections to subcortical structures that control the eyes and to visual cortical areas. How do FEF neurons act in this gateway, serving the dual functions of integrating visual information to guide eye movements and informing the visual system about planned motor commands? One clue comes from studies of the phenomenon of predictive remapping, in which neurons shift their spatial preferences prior to an impending saccade. This occurs in FEF neurons as well as other cortical areas, and hints at the frequent and dynamic changes in their response properties. What kinds of dynamic changes are brought on by motor planning? How does the information necessary to generate these dynamics propagate through neuronal circuits? We will address these questions in three specific aims, the first of which uses rapidly presented sparse noise stimuli, an approach developed in early visual areas, to probe the dynamics of FEF neuronal responses. We hypothesize that FEF neurons have precise temporal dynamics, enabling responses to rapidly flashed stimuli, and nonlinear spatial summation, leading to strong responses to small stimuli that are perceived as potential saccade targets. The second specific aim is to measure the predictively remapped response with high spatial and temporal precision using the same noise stimulus. We hypothesize that remapping manifests as a gradual shift in the receptive field in the peri-saccadic time period, and this occurs for both guided saccades and more naturalistic spontaneous saccades. In the third specific aim, we attempt to isolate the neuronal circuitry responsible for these dynamic changes by recording simultaneously from a population of FEF neurons. We hypothesize that local circuitry within FEF is invoked to transfer information between neurons prior to an eye movement. The overall result of this study will be to establish the role of FEF in integrating visual perception and motor control during active vision, and to construct a framework for using receptive field mapping and population recordings to measure dynamic changes in neural circuits across visual and motor systems. This will aid in developing treatments for neurological disorders of vision and rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury or disease.

前额叶皮层主动视力的动态机制 项目摘要 在自然条件下，我们的视觉体验的特征是当我们扫描丰富 视觉环境。但是，大多数实验都集中在视觉下的神经反应上 行为贫穷的条件，牺牲了现实的条件以实现障碍性。有一个增长 意识到在这些条件下大脑的活动并不总是概括为更自然的环境， 需要在更复杂的情况下探测神经元动力学的实验。长期 该应用的目标是确定灵长类动物大脑中的神经回路如何产生连贯的视觉 尽管眼睛运动经常运动和内部认知状态变化，但感知。额眼场（FEF）， 前额叶皮层的一部分对于控制阳离子眼运动至关重要，在此功能中起关键作用 通过其在皮质层次结构中的独特位置。 FEF神经元既可以使用视觉和运动功能 与控制眼睛和视觉皮质区域的皮层结构的连接。 FEF神经元如何作用 在此网关中，服务于集成视觉信息的双重功能，以指导眼动和 告知视觉系统有关计划的电机命令？一个线索来自对 预测重新映射的现象，其中神经元在即将到来之前移动其空间偏好 扫视。这发生在FEF神经元以及其他皮质区域，并提示频繁而动态 其响应属性的变化。运动计划带来了哪些动态变化？如何 产生这些动力学所需的信息是否通过神经元电路传播？我们将 在三个特定目标中解决这些问题，其中第一个使用迅速提出的稀疏噪声刺激， 在早期视觉区域开发的方法，以探测FEF神经元反应的动力学。我们假设 FEF神经元具有精确的时间动力学，对快速闪烁刺激的反应和非线性 空间总和，导致对小刺激的强烈反应，这些刺激被视为潜在的扫视靶标。 第二个具体目的是用高空间和时间来测量预测的重新映射响应 使用相同的噪声刺激精度。我们假设重新映射表现为在 在校园时间内的接收场，这是指导扫视和更自然主义的情况发生的 自发的扫视。在第三个特定目的中，我们试图隔离负责的神经元电路 通过同时记录FEF神经元人群，这些动态变化。我们假设这一点 在眼睛运动之前，调用FEF内的局部电路以在神经元之间传递信息。这 这项研究的总体结果将是确定FEF在整合视觉感知和运动控制中的作用 在主动视力期间，并构建一个用于使用接受场映射和人口记录的框架 测量视觉和电机系统跨视觉和电机的动态变化。这将有助于发展 创伤性脑损伤或疾病后视力和康复神经系统疾病的治疗方法。