Corticotectal transmission for express saccades

快速眼跳的皮质顶盖传输

• 批准号: 8680649
• 负责人: Gregory D Horwitz
• 金额: $ 26.7万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-04-01 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8680649
• 关键词: Adoption; Affect; Animal Model; Area; Axon; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Biological Models; Brain; Bypass; Communication; Communities; Complex; Destinations; Diagnosis; Drosophila genus; Emerging Technologies; Etiology; Eye Movements; Fiber; Genes; Goals; Human; Injection of therapeutic agent; Light; Lighting; Macaca mulatta; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mental disorders; Metric; Monitor; Monkeys; Motor Neurons; Movement; Mus; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Opsin; Pathway interactions; Presynaptic Terminals; Primates; Probability; Production; Rodent; Role; Saccades; Signal Transduction; Site; Structure; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Transgenic Animals; Transgenic Mice; Transgenic Organisms; Ursidae Family; Viral Vector; Vision research; Visual; Visual Cortex; area striata; awake; base; behavior influence; effective therapy; flexibility; frontal lobe; gray matter; interest; microbial; nervous system disorder; neural circuit; neuronal cell body; neurophysiology; oculomotor; optogenetics; promoter; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; success; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina; tool; transmission process; vector; visual motor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primate oculomotor system is a premier model system for understanding the production of reflexive and volitional movements. Two types of saccadic eye movements are made by humans and monkeys: "regular" and "express" saccades. Regular saccades have long latencies and are thought to involve the transfer of information from the visual cortex, to the frontal cortex, to the superior colliculus. Express saccades have shorter latencies and are thought to be mediated by a direct pathway from visual cortex to the superior colliculus, bypassing the frontal cortex. Importantly, under some conditions both express and regular saccades are made in roughly equal proportion; express saccades occur on some trials, regular saccades on other, seemingly identical, trials. If, as hypothesized, express saccades are mediated by projections from the visual cortex to the superior colliculus, the probability of express saccade occurrence should increase if these projections are stimulated under conditions in which they are not naturally strongly activated. Such a manipulation was technically impossible until recently, but optogenetics has changed this. Optogenetics is a relatively new set of tools for manipulating neural activity with light, an these tools have already been extremely valuable in the study of transgenic mice. By using these tools in the awake, behaving primate, two specific aims and one broader objective will be achieved. The first aim is to test the hypothesis that the projections from visual cortex to the superior colliculus facilitate express saccades. The second aim is to test the hypothesis that electrical activity between two usually disconnected compartments in the superior colliculus become transiently connected during express saccades. The larger objective is to catalyze progress in systems neurophysiology by refining optogenetic tools for use in the awake, behaving monkey. Widespread adoption and refinement of these techniques by the primate neurophysiology community will help to reveal how signal transmission between brain areas mediates behavior. Such an understanding will be important for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases, whose etiology may involve aberrant communication between brain areas.

描述（由申请人提供）：灵长类动物动物系统是理解反思性运动和自愿运动的主要模型系统。人类和猴子进行了两种类型的囊状眼动作：“常规”和“ Express”扫视。常规扫视的潜伏期很长，被认为涉及信息从视觉皮层，额叶皮层转移到上丘。 Express扫视的潜伏期较短，被认为是由从视觉皮层到上丘的直接途径介导的，绕过额叶皮层。重要的是，在某些条件下，表达和常规扫视的比例大致相等。明确的扫视发生在某些试验中，定期在其他看似相同的试验中进行。如假设的，明确的扫视是由视觉皮层到上丘的投影介导的，如果在没有自然激活的条件下刺激这些预测，则表达扫视发生的可能性应增加。直到最近，这种操纵在技术上是不可能的，但是光遗传学改变了这一点。光遗传学是一组相对较新的工具，用于用光来操纵神经活动，这些工具在研究转基因小鼠的研究中已经非常有价值。通过在清醒中使用这些工具，表现灵长类动物，将实现两个具体的目标和一个更广泛的目标。第一个目的是检验以下假设：从视觉皮层到上丘的投影促进了快速扫视。第二个目的是检验以下假设：在高colliculus上，通常两个断开的隔室之间的电活动在快速扫视过程中暂时连接。更大的目标是通过精炼用于清醒的光遗传学工具来催化系统神经生理学的进展，表现猴子。灵长类神经生理学界对这些技术的广泛采用和完善将有助于揭示大脑区域之间的信号传播如何介导行为。这种理解对于诊断和治疗神经系统和精神疾病将很重要，神经系统和精神病学可能涉及大脑区域之间的异常沟通。