Central mechanisms of color vision

色觉的核心机制

• 批准号: 7781006
• 负责人: Gregory D Horwitz
• 金额: $ 43.75万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7781006
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Appearance; Behavioral; Biological Models; Categories; Cerebral cortex; Color; Color Perception; Color Visions; Color blindness; Data; Detection; Devices; Diagnosis; Discrimination; Disease; Educational process of instructing; Electrophysiology (science); Event; Face; Goals; Hand; Judgment; Knowledge; Light; Link; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Neurons; Neurosciences; Noise; Output; Pathology; Perception; Peripheral; Physiological Processes; Population; Process; Property; Psychometrics; Psychophysics; Psychophysiology; Recovery; Reporting; Research; Retina; Retinal; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; System; Tactile; Testing; Trauma; V1 neuron; Vision; Visual system structure; area striata; behavior measurement; color detection; color processing; effective therapy; experience; information processing; meetings; nervous system disorder; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; novel; public health relevance; receptive field; receptor; relating to nervous system; research study; response; vibration; visual neuroscience; visual performance

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The visual system has emerged as a premier model for understanding information processing by neurons. Within vision, the submodality of color provides a particularly attractive experimental platform: we know a tremendous amount about the phenomenology of color perception and can explain some aspects of color perception, quantitatively and with high precision, by well- understood physiological processes. As a result of this progress, we can quickly and accurately diagnose many distinct forms of color blindness and can build devices that render colors accurately. On the other hand, our understanding of the neurophysiology of color vision is largely restricted to the retina. The central mechanisms of color vision are largely unknown, and many aspects of color perception cannot be explained by retinal mechanisms. The proposed research is to measure the quality and behavioral relevance of the signals beyond the retina that mediate color vision. Two specific aims are planned: 1) Single neuron recording in the primary visual cortex to identify the neurons most likely to underlie color vision. 2) Single neuron recording in the primary visual cortex to study how manipulations that affect color appearance affect neuronal responses. The proposed experiments extend our knowledge of color vision toward an understanding of the principles of neuroscience that give rise to perception and its disorders. Such an understanding promises to provide the means to promote recovery of visual function following trauma or neurological disease. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Understanding how neurons mediate perception is an important step towards developing effective treatments for pathologies that disrupt perception. The proposed experiments exploit the model system of color vision, one of the most mature submodalities of vision, to reveal the neural events that relate activation of the peripheral receptors to perception.

描述（由申请人提供）：视觉系统已成为理解神经元信息处理的首要模型。在视觉中，颜色的子模态提供了一个特别有吸引力的实验平台：我们对颜色感知的现象学有大量了解，并且可以通过众所周知的生理过程定量且高精度地解释颜色感知的某些方面。由于这一进展，我们可以快速准确地诊断许多不同形式的色盲，并可以构建准确渲染颜色的设备。另一方面，我们对色觉神经生理学的理解很大程度上局限于视网膜。色觉的中心机制在很大程度上是未知的，并且颜色感知的许多方面无法用视网膜机制来解释。拟议的研究旨在测量视网膜以外介导色觉的信号的质量和行为相关性。计划有两个具体目标：1）记录初级视觉皮层中的单个神经元，以识别最有可能构成色觉基础的神经元。 2）初级视觉皮层中的单个神经元记录，以研究影响颜色外观的操作如何影响神经元反应。拟议的实验将我们对色觉的知识扩展到对引起知觉及其障碍的神经科学原理的理解。这种理解有望提供促进创伤或神经系统疾病后视觉功能恢复的方法。 公共卫生相关性：了解神经元如何介导感知是开发有效治疗破坏感知的病理的重要一步。所提出的实验利用色觉模型系统（最成熟的视觉子模态之一）来揭示将外周受体激活与感知相关的神经事件。