Neural mechanisms of visual contrast sensitivity

视觉对比敏感度的神经机制

• 批准号: 10222705
• 负责人: Gregory D Horwitz
• 金额: $ 44.4万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-30 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10222705
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Animal Model; Animals; Attenuated; Awareness; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Biomedical Engineering; Brain; Bypass; Cognition; Communication; Conscious; Contrast Sensitivity; Data; Data Analyses; Decision Making; Detection; Development; Devices; Disease; Etiology; Event; Exhibits; Feedback; Foundations; Goals; Health; Human; Impairment; Interneurons; Knowledge; Lesion; Macaca mulatta; Mathematics; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Medical; Methodology; Monkeys; Neural Pathways; Neurologic; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Neurosciences; Noise; Output; Pathway interactions; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Perceptual Disorders; Physiology; Play; Primates; Probability; Process; ROC Curve; Recurrence; Reporting; Research; Retina; Rewards; Role; Route; Secure; Sensory; Signal Detection Analysis; Signal Transduction; Solid; Standard Model; Stimulus; System; Techniques; Testing; Traction; Training; Vision; Visual; Visual Pathways; Visual Perception; Visual system structure; Work; amplification detection; area V1; area V2; area striata; attenuation; base; behavior measurement; design; effective therapy; electrical microstimulation; expectation; experimental study; extrastriate visual cortex; microstimulation; millisecond; neural circuit; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; novel; optogenetics; prevent; programs; relating to nervous system; theories; visual stimulus; visual threshold

PROJECT SUMMARY The major objective of this research program is to understand how networks of neurons communicate to produce visual perception. This knowledge will be useful to bioengineers and clinicians in the development of new devices and treatments for patients with perceptual disorders. Understanding how vision works in rhesus monkeys, an animal whose vision is similar to humans', will bring us closer to understanding the physiology of human vision in states of health and disease. The Specific Aims of this study target three different components of how the primary visual cortex (V1) contributes to visual contrast sensitivity. All of the Aims use a similar methodology: a novel, reversible system for neuronal inactivation combined with simultaneous quantitative behavioral measurement. These measurements will reveal how signals are routed through the visual system to control behavior. The first Aim is to determine how much of the baseline noise in V1 contributes to the variability of perceptual reports. This Aim will be achieved by suppressing V1 activity in a monkey trained to report the presentation of a low-contrast visual stimulus. On some trials, no stimulus is shown and the monkey must guess whether one was. A key question is whether suppression of V1 activity prevents the monkey from guessing that a stimulus was presented when none, in fact, was. The second Aim is to determine whether the visual pathways that bypass V1 are sufficient to mediate the monkeys' behavioral reports. We will achieve this Aim by testing the monkeys' ability to detect stimuli designed to activate the neural pathways that bypass V1. If the monkey can see these stimuli when activity in V1 is suppressed, and if the predictions of control experiments are confirmed, we will know that the pathways that bypass V1 can mediate contrast detection. The third Aim is to determine whether aspects of V1 activity other than the feedforward volley are necessary for stimulus detection. We will achieve this Aim by measuring the monkeys' threshold for detecting electrical microstimulation of area V2 when activity in V1 is suppressed. Together, completion of these Aims will answer important and outstanding questions about the role of area V1 in stimulus detection. These questions cannot be adequately addressed with classical techniques, and the inactivation technique that we will use to complete these Aims is an important technical contribution of the proposed work.

项目概要 该研究计划的主要目标是了解神经元网络如何通信 来产生视觉感知。这些知识将对生物工程师和临床医生的开发有用。 针对知觉障碍患者的新设备和治疗方法。了解视觉如何发挥作用 恒河猴这种视觉与人类相似的动物将使我们更接近地了解 健康和疾病状态下人类视觉的生理学。本研究的具体目标三 初级视觉皮层 (V1) 如何影响视觉对比敏感度的不同组成部分。所有的 目标使用类似的方法：一种新颖的、可逆的神经元失活系统 同时定量行为测量。这些测量将揭示信号的路由方式 通过视觉系统来控制行为。第一个目标是确定有多少基线噪声 V1 导致感知报告的可变性。该目标将通过抑制 V1 活性来实现 猴子被训练报告低对比度视觉刺激的呈现。在一些试验中，没有刺激 显示出来，猴子必须猜测是否存在。一个关键问题是是否抑制 V1 活性 防止猴子猜测刺激已经出现，而事实上并没有刺激出现。第二个目标是 确定绕过 V1 的视觉通路是否足以调节猴子的行为 报告。我们将通过测试猴子检测旨在激活神经系统的刺激的能力来实现这一目标。 绕过 V1 的途径。当 V1 的活动受到抑制时，如果猴子能够看到这些刺激，并且如果 对照实验的预测得到证实，我们就会知道绕过V1的途径可以介导 对比度检测。第三个目标是确定除前馈之外的 V1 活动是否存在其他方面 齐射对于刺激检测是必要的。我们将通过测量猴子的阈值来实现这一目标 当 V1 区域的活动受到抑制时，检测 V2 区域的电微刺激。共同完成 这些目标将回答有关 V1 区在刺激检测中的作用的重要且悬而未决的问题。 这些问题无法用经典技术以及失活技术来充分解决。 我们将利用所提出的工作来完成这些目标的重要技术贡献。