Malaria Vector Biology in Brazil: Genetics and Ecology

巴西的疟疾媒介生物学：遗传学和生态学

• 批准号: 7761772
• 负责人: Jan E Conn
• 金额: $ 53.91万
• 依托单位: WADSWORTH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-06-01 至 2013-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7761772
• 关键词: Affect; Anopheles Genus; Area; Biological; Biological Assay; Biology; Bite; Boa; Brazil; Breeding; Case Study; Central America; Classification; Climate; Colombia; Complex; Coupled; Critiques; Culicidae; Cytogenetics; Cytology; Data; Demography; Ecology; Epidemiology; Evaluation; Evolution; Gene Structure; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Structures; Genetic Vectors; Goals; Habitats; Hand; Health; Human; Infection; Laboratories; Lead; Malaria; Methods; Microsatellite Repeats; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial DNA; Molecular; Nuclear; Outcome; Pattern; Play; Population; Population Distributions; Population Genetics; Principal Investigator; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Rivers; Role; Rural Community; Sample Size; Site; Source; South America; Structure; Taxon; Testing; Time; Variant; anthropogenesis; base; comparative; design; forest; frontier; improved; member; molecular marker; novel; programs; reproductive; research study; segregation; tool; transmission process; vector; vector mosquito

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Malaria remains a devastating health problem in endemic malaria regions of Brazil and Colombia with over 600,000 annual cases reported. Our ecological and evolutionary evidence indicate that the underlying biological complexity among anopheline vectors plays a significant role in continued malaria transmission in the Neotropics. We have convincing data from peri-urban settings that Anopheles marajoara of the Albitarsis Complex increases in importance and even replaces the primary malaria vector An. darlingi in NE Amazonian Brazil, although An. darlingi continues to be important in frontier and riverine settlements. We have described a new malaria vector, Anopheles albitarsis E, from peri-urban savanna in northern Amazonian Brazil. We hypothesize that An. marajoara is restricted to moist forest and An. albitarsis E is restricted to savanna. We recently detected two new species, An. albitarsis F, from NE Colombia, and An. albitarsis G, from Central Amazonian Brazil. Both are in endemic malaria areas, and both are putative malaria vectors. Neither has been characterized. Effective biologically-informed control of Neotropical malaria vectors requires contributions from three areas: fast and accurate vector identification, population genetics and ecology. We hypothesize that distinctive patterns of malaria transmission (frontier vs. peri-urban) are often related to anthropogenic habitat alterations that differentially favor various vector species that have distinct ecological requirements. We propose to evaluate the taxonomic status of several newly detected species with crossing experiments and cytology, and for rapid field identification, we will improve our molecular markers to more easily distinguish among all species in the Albitarsis Complex. We will test our hypothesis of habitat segregation between An. marajoara and An. darlingi by breeding site characterization. We will assess the importance of An. marajoara, An. albitarsis F, and An. darlingi in peri-urban endemic malaria localities in Colombia through evaluation of species abundance, biting time, infection and host selection in heterogeneous habitat sites. In Brazil, we determined that population structure and history differ substantially for An. darlingi and An. marajoara. We will use data from transects to evaluate the roles of climatic variables and highways vs. rivers in distribution, population structure and gene flow in each species. Project Narrative: Malaria is one of the most important public health problems in Brazil and Colombia. A better understanding of the ecology and evolution of the mosquito vectors, the objects of this study, will help to reduce human-mosquito contact and malaria, which disproportionately affects the poorest, mostly rural communities globally.

描述（由申请人提供）：在巴西和哥伦比亚疟疾流行地区，疟疾仍然是一个毁灭性的健康问题，每年报告病例数超过 600,000 例。我们的生态和进化证据表明，按蚊媒介之间潜在的生物复杂性在新热带地区疟疾的持续传播中发挥着重要作用。我们从城市周边地区获得了令人信服的数据，表明阿尔比塔按蚊群的重要性有所增加，甚至取代了主要的疟疾媒介 An。 darlingi 位于巴西亚马逊流域东北部，尽管 An.达林吉在边境和河流定居点仍然具有重要地位。我们描述了一种新的疟疾病媒，白塔按蚊 E，来自巴西亚马逊流域北部的城郊稀树草原。我们假设 An. marajoara仅限于潮湿的森林和An。 albitarsis E 仅限于稀树草原。我们最近发现了两个新物种，An。 albitarsis F，来自哥伦比亚东北部，和 An。 albitarsis G，来自巴西亚马逊中部。两者都位于疟疾流行地区，并且都是推定的疟疾媒介。两者都没有被表征。对新热带疟疾媒介进行有效的生物学控制需要来自三个领域的贡献：快速准确的媒介识别、群体遗传学和生态学。我们假设疟疾传播的独特模式（边境与城郊）通常与人为栖息地改变有关，这种改变有利于具有不同生态要求的各种媒介物种。我们建议通过杂交实验和细胞学来评估几个新发现的物种的分类学状态，并且为了快速进行现场鉴定，我们将改进我们的分子标记，以更容易地区分阿尔比塔西斯复合体中的所有物种。我们将检验 An. 之间栖息地隔离的假设。马拉霍拉和安. darlingi 通过繁殖地点表征。我们将评估 An 的重要性。马拉霍拉，An.白螟F和An。通过评估异质栖息地的物种丰度、叮咬时间、感染和宿主选择，在哥伦比亚城郊流行性疟疾地区发现了 darlingi。在巴西，我们确定 An 的人口结构和历史存在很大差异。达林吉和安.马拉霍拉。我们将使用横断面数据来评估气候变量以及高速公路与河流在每个物种的分布、种群结构和基因流中的作用。项目叙述：疟疾是巴西和哥伦比亚最重要的公共卫生问题之一。这项研究的目标是更好地了解蚊媒的生态和进化，将有助于减少人与蚊子的接触和疟疾，疟疾对全球最贫困的社区（大部分是农村社区）造成了不成比例的影响。