Engaging African Communities for the HapMap Project

让非洲社区参与单体型图项目

• 批准号: 6668505
• 负责人: Georgia Dunston
• 金额: $ 45.02万
• 依托单位: HOWARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-30 至 2008-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6668505
• 关键词: African; biotechnology; clinical research; community health services; culture; gene expression; genetic disorder diagnosis; genetic mapping; genetic screening; genotype; human genetic material tag; interview; longitudinal human study; molecular biology information system; nucleic acid sequence; phenotype; sample collection

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The Haplotype Map (HapMap) Project is an international collaborative project to produce a haplotype map of the human genome. The HapMap is expected to be a key resource for more efficient genome-wide scans associating genetic variation with phenotypic variation, particularly in disease risk and drug response. The overall project will include a number of components, including community engagement, collection of blood samples from various populations, genotyping of these samples, and analysis of the resulting data. Several specific domestic and international populations have been identified for participation in the HapMap project, and will be involved in relevant community engagement and sample collection procedures. Current international sampling plans include populations in three geographic regions in Africa. Since one of the major objectives of the National Human Genome Center (NHGC) at Howard University is characterization of DNA sequence variation in African populations [the "Genomic Research in the African Diaspora (GRAD)' Initiative], the Center is providing leadership for the engagement of African people in the HapMap Project. Thus, the NHGC's participation in the HapMap project will provide the opportunity to address the characterization of common variants, as a component of the total profile of variation in African populations. It will also facilitate increased understanding of the political, economic, religious, and cultural factors that influence perspectives on and decision-making about genetics/genome research in these populations. The goal of this proposal is to engage communities in west, east, and southern Africa in order to obtain appropriate approval and consent for participation in the HapMap Project and Phase I GRAD. Specific aims include: 1) design a culturally appropriate process of community engagement in Nigeria, Kenya, and South Africa for considering the risks, benefits, and relevance of the development of a haplotype map of the human genome and the implementation of GRAD; 2) collect biological samples from community members in Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa for the HapMap and GRAD projects; and 3) develop mechanisms for ongoing community feedback regarding the haplotype mapping initiative and GRAD.

描述（由申请人提供）：单体型图谱（HapMap）项目是一个国际合作项目，旨在制作人类基因组的单体型图谱。 HapMap 有望成为更有效的全基因组扫描的关键资源，将遗传变异与表型变异联系起来，特别是在疾病风险和药物反应方面。整个项目将包括许多组成部分，包括社区参与、从不同人群收集血液样本、对这些样本进行基因分型以及对结果数据进行分析。 已经确定了一些特定的国内和国际人群参与 HapMap 项目，并将参与相关的社区参与和样本收集程序。目前的国际抽样计划包括非洲三个地理区域的人口。由于霍华德大学国家人类基因组中心 (NHGC) 的主要目标之一是描述非洲人群 DNA 序列变异的特征 [“非洲侨民基因组研究 (GRAD)”计划]，该中心正在为以下项目提供领导：因此，NHGC 参与 HapMap 项目将为解决常见变异的特征提供机会，作为非洲人口变异总体概况的一部分。了解影响这些人群遗传学/基因组研究观点和决策的政治、经济、宗教和文化因素。 该提案的目标是让西非、东非和南部非洲的社区参与进来，以获得参与 HapMap 项目和第一阶段 GRAD 的适当批准和同意。具体目标包括：1）在尼日利亚、肯尼亚和南非设计一个文化上适当的社区参与流程，以考虑开发人类基因组单倍型图谱和实施 GRAD 的风险、收益和相关性； 2) 为 HapMap 和 GRAD 项目从肯尼亚、尼日利亚和南非的社区成员收集生物样本； 3) 制定有关单倍型作图计划和 GRAD 的持续社区反馈机制。