The Impact of Climate Change on Climate Migrants in Large Cities: A Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan

气候变化对大城市气候移民的影响：以巴基斯坦卡拉奇为例

• 批准号: 2888457
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Brighton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2888457
• 关键词: Impact; Climate; Change; Migrants; Large

The nexus between climate-related migration, urbanisation, and social policy is among the most complex and pressing global issues of the 21st century, especially in the Global South (IDMC, 2021). Climate migration is usually associated with human mobility related to both slow-onset (e.g., droughts and sea level rise) and rapid-onset disasters (e.g., floods), particularly in countries of the Global South, and is estimated to increase to approximately 216 million people by 2050 (Clement et al., 2021). Climate migrants are usually internal migrants who settle in large cities for the purpose of a safe and better life. However, it in turn causes or intensifies forms of urban informality and insecurity (Sandoval, 2019), and they, in big cities, further contribute to climate change impacts (Mearns & Nortonm, 2009). Big cities inPakistan are affected by climate migrants; Pakistan is in fact among the top 10 countries most affected by climate change (Eckstein et al., 2021). The countryestablished a National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) in 2007 and developed its National Climate Change Policy (NCCP) in 2012. During the massive2022 floods one-third of Pakistan was under water, and about 8 million people forcibly displaced (Ministry of Planning Development & Special Initiatives,2022). The city of Karachi in Sindh Province is Pakistan's largest city and one of the most vulnerable cities to climate change effects (Bhutoo, 2020). Manymigrants in Karachi, including climate migrants, lack access to social services such as health and housing (Iqbal et al., 2018) and face urban injustices suchas dispossession (Saleem, 2021). These realities point to the significant societal need to study this topic, which has also thus far received limited scholarlyattention (Hossain et al., 2017; Adamson & Tsourapas, 2020; Ghosh & Orchiston, 2022). And no full-scale academic study of Karachi, Pakistan exists.Therefore, the aim of this research is to synthesise an interdisciplinary social science and social policy framework that produces novel theoretical andempirical insights at the conjuncture of climate-related migration, urban studies, and social policy to form the basis of effective protection and preparationmeasures for various climate change impacts on climate migrants in the city of Karachi.

与气候相关的移民、城市化和社会政策之间的联系是 21 世纪最复杂和紧迫的全球问题之一，特别是在南半球国家（IDMC，2021）。气候移民通常与缓慢发生的灾害（例如干旱和海平面上升）和快速发生的灾害（例如洪水）相关的人员流动有关，特别是在南半球国家，估计会增加到大约 216到 2050 年，人口将达到 100 万人（Clement et al., 2021）。气候移民通常是为了安全和更好的生活而定居在大城市的内部移民。然而，它反过来会导致或加剧城市的不正规性和不安全感（Sandoval，2019），并且它们在大城市中进一步加剧气候变化的影响（Mearns＆Nortonm，2009）。巴基斯坦的大城市受到气候移民的影响；事实上，巴基斯坦是受气候变化影响最严重的 10 个国家之一（Eckstein 等，2021）。该国于 2007 年成立了国家灾害管理局 (NDMA)，并于 2012 年制定了国家气候变化政策 (NCCP)。在 2022 年的大规模洪水期间，巴基斯坦三分之一的地区被淹没，约 800 万人被迫流离失所（规划发展部）和特别倡议，2022）。信德省卡拉奇市是巴基斯坦最大的城市，也是最容易受到气候变化影响的城市之一（Bhutoo，2020）。卡拉奇的许多移民，包括气候移民，缺乏获得健康和住房等社会服务的机会（Iqbal 等，2018），并面临剥夺等城市不公正现象（Saleem，2021）。这些现实表明社会迫切需要研究这一主题，但迄今为止该主题还受到了有限的学术关注（Hossain 等人，2017 年；Adamson 和 Tsourapas，2020 年；Ghosh 和 Orchiston，2022 年）。巴基斯坦卡拉奇不存在全面的学术研究。因此，本研究的目的是综合一个跨学科的社会科学和社会政策框架，在与气候相关的移民、城市研究和社会政策的结合中产生新颖的理论和经验见解。社会政策，以形成有效保护和准备措施的基础，以应对气候变化对卡拉奇市气候移民的各种影响。