Impact of CO2 and salinity in aquaculture on physiology, growth and health of coho salmon

水产养殖中二氧化碳和盐度对银大麻哈鱼生理、生长和健康的影响

• 批准号: NE/T01458X/1
• 负责人: Rod Wilson
• 金额: $ 0.84万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FT01458X%2F1
• 关键词: Impact; CO2; salinity; aquaculture; physiology

BBSRC : William Davison : BB/M009122/1 (1921484)As of 2017 salmonid aquaculture was worth $22 billion USD per year with the UK contributing $1.4 billion USD and Canada responsible for $988 million USD. However, despite UN directives stating a need to double production by 2050, growth is hampered by negative public perception. Typically salmonid aquaculture combines land-based freshwater hatcheries with sea-pen rearing systems. While requiring lower maintenance costs the use of sea-pens increases risk of disease in farmed fish and has been linked with parasite overspill into wild populations of salmon causing serious declines in native populations. As such there is a demand to reduce the duration of the marine grow out phase, or transition entirely to land based farm systems (referred to as recirculating aquaculture systems - RAS) which largely avoid many of these problems. However, thus far development of RAS farms has been limited due to reduced growth observed in RAS compared to pens, and the scale of RAS required to maintain fish up to harvest size. Reduced growth and adverse health outcomes have largely been attributed to various issues relating to water chemistry (e.g. CO2, salinity, pH etc.). Previous research from Prof. Richards and Prof Brauner's labs identified an optimal salinity for growing Coho salmon within RAS. Salmon grown at a salinity approximately isosmotic to blood were found to have the fastest growth rate and lowest food conversion ratio compare to fish grown at other salinities ranging from freshwater to full strength seawater. This has been hypothesised to be reduced energy expenditure for osmoregulation. However, that study was conducted at relatively low pHs indicative of a build-up of respiratory CO2 in the water, a problem that has been characterised extensively in RAS. Due to the link between osmoregulation and acid-base balance in fish, any reduction in environmental CO2 may therefore benefit fish health and growth by reducing energy expenditure on acid-base balance and therefore allow increased growth compared to fish grown at high CO2.Here we plan to acclimate fish to either freshwater (1 ppt) or isosmotic water (10 ppt) and then expose them to either atmospheric levels of CO2 or to the elevated levels of CO2 found within fish farms. We then hope to measure a variety of physiological parameters such as growth, acid-base balance and immune function. This information will then be used to determine optimal water chemistry conditions to maximise growth of salmon in aquaculture.

BBSRC：威廉·戴维森（William Davison）：BB/M009122/1（1921484）截至2017年，鲑鱼水产养殖价值为220亿美元，英国贡献了14亿美元，加拿大负责为9.88亿加元。然而，尽管联合国指示需要到2050年生产两倍，但负面的公众看法会阻碍增长。通常，鲑鱼水产养殖结合了陆基淡水孵化场与海上饲养系统。在需要较低的维护成本的同时，使用海培来增加养殖鱼类疾病的风险，并与寄生虫过度溢出到野生种群的鲑鱼中，导致本地人群的大幅下降。因此，需要减少海洋持续时间的持续时间，或者完全过渡到陆基农场系统（称为循环水产养殖系统 - RAS），这在很大程度上避免了许多问题。然而，到目前为止，由于RAS在RAS中观察到的生长降低，与笔的生长降低，以及将鱼类维持到收获量所需的RAS的规模受到限制。降低的生长和不利的健康结果在很大程度上归因于与水化学有关的各种问题（例如二氧化碳，盐度，pH等）。理查兹教授和布劳纳教授实验室的先前研究确定了RAS内的Coho鲑鱼的最佳盐度。发现在盐度生长的鲑鱼与血液的同质性生长最快，食物转化率最低，与在其他盐度生长的鱼类相比，从淡水到全强度海水。假设这是减少渗透调节的能量消耗。但是，该研究是在相对较低的pHS中进行的，表明水中呼吸道二氧化碳的积累，这一问题在RAS中已广泛表征。由于渗透压调节与鱼类中的酸碱平衡之间的联系，因此环境二氧化碳的任何减少都可以通过减少酸碱平衡上的能量支出来使鱼类健康和生长受益，因此与高co的鱼类相比，与高co的鱼相比，可以增加生长。在这里，我们计划将鱼类适应淡水（1 ppt）（1 ppt）或同质水（10 ppt），然后将其置于co2水平或co2级别的水平上。然后，我们希望测量各种生理参数，例如生长，酸碱平衡和免疫功能。然后，该信息将用于确定最佳水化学条件，以最大程度地提高水产养殖中鲑鱼的生长。