Fish Carbonates - Their dissolution potential under elevated hydrostatic pressure

鱼碳酸盐 - 在升高的静水压力下的溶解潜力

• 批准号: NE/I017720/1
• 负责人: Rod Wilson
• 金额: $ 5.22万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI017720%2F1
• 关键词: Fish; Carbonates; Their; dissolution; potential

A major component of the marine-atmospheric carbon cycle is the precipitation and dissolution of calcium carbonate in seawater. Calcium carbonate is the mineral that makes up rocks such as limestone and chalk. Detailed knowledge of this component is important to our understanding of the global carbon cycle, and to the Earth system as a whole. This proposal aims to explore recent findings that represent a fundamental and previously unexpected change to our understanding of the marine inorganic carbon budget. Large amounts of calcium carbonate are produced in the global oceans by marine plankton and, specifically, by microscopic organisms such as coccolithophores and foraminifera. However, recent research by the PI has highlighted the significant additional contribution to oceanic carbonate production by marine bony fish. These animals ingest sea water and are now known to also precipitate calcium carbonate within their guts and excrete these at very high rates as part of their normal functioning in seawater. This previously unrecognised source of marine carbonate is significant in its own right but, when combined with new estimates of global fish biomass, it is clear that it makes a major contribution to carbonate production on a global scale. Furthermore, due to their rather unusually high content of magnesium, these fish carbonates are predicted to be more soluble (i.e. more likely to dissolve whilst sinking) than the better know forms of calcium carbonate produced by other marine calcifying organisms. The issue of solubility is important to ocean chemistry, as carbonates that dissolve rapidly upon sinking, in the upper 500-1000 m of the ocean, will restore the alkalinity and buffer capacity of surface waters, which in turn enhances the ocean's capacity to absorb further CO2 from the atmosphere. Theoretically, the little we know about the chemistry of fish carbonates suggests they will be one of the fastest dissolving forms of this mineral. This proposal will be the first ever attempt to actually measure the influence of sinking (i.e. hydrostatic pressure) on the dissolving potential of carbonates derived from fish. This would help explain a mystery of ocean chemistry that has puzzled oceanographers for decades, i.e. the unexpectedly increase in alkalinity in the first 1000 m of depth in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. In addition, the laboratory setting allows for the incorporation of the effect of fluid flow on the aggregates, ensuring a more realistic simulation of sinking, and consequently more accurate simulation results.

海洋 - 大气碳循环的主要组成部分是碳酸钙在海水中的沉淀和溶解。碳酸钙是构成石灰石和粉笔等岩石的矿物质。对该组件的详细了解对于我们对全球碳循环的理解以及整个地球系统很重要。该提案旨在探索最近的发现，代表了我们对海洋无机碳预算的理解的基本和意外变化。海洋浮游生物在全球海洋中产生了大量碳酸钙，具体来说是微观生物（例如coccolithophophores和foraminifera）。但是，PI的最新研究强调了海洋骨鱼对海洋碳酸盐生产的重大贡献。这些动物摄入海水，现在众所周知，还会在其肠道内沉淀碳酸钙，并以很高的速度排泄它们，这是其在海水中正常功能的一部分。以前未被认可的海洋碳酸盐来源本身具有重要意义，但是当与全球鱼类生物量的新估计结合在一起时，很明显，它在全球范围内对碳酸盐产生做出了重大贡献。此外，由于它们的镁含量非常高，这些鱼碳酸盐被预计比其他海洋钙化生物体产生的碳酸钙的碳酸钙更为可溶（即更可能溶解而溶解）。溶解度问题对海洋化学很重要，因为在海洋上下沉时迅速溶解的碳酸盐将恢复地表水的碱度和缓冲能力，从而增强了海洋吸收的能力来自大气的二氧化碳。从理论上讲，我们对鱼类碳酸盐化学的了解很少，这表明它们将是该矿物质中最快的溶解形式之一。该提案将是有史以来第一次尝试实际测量下沉（即静水压力）对源自鱼类碳酸盐潜力的影响的尝试。这将有助于解释海洋化学的谜团，使海洋学家困惑了数十年，即在大西洋和太平洋的前1000 m深度中，碱度意外增加。此外，实验室设置允许将流体流对聚集体的影响融合，从而确保对下沉的更现实，从而更加准确。

项目成果

Marine reserves can mitigate and promote adaptation to climate change

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701262114
• 发表时间: 2017-06
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
• 作者: C. Roberts;Bethan C. O’Leary;D. McCauley;P. Cury;C. Duarte;J. Lubchenco;D. Pauly;A. Saenz-Arroyo;U. R. Sumaila;R. Wilson;B. Worm;J. Castilla

The Significance and Management of Natural Carbon Stores in the Open Ocean

公海天然碳储存的意义和管理

• 发表时间: 2014
• 作者: Wilson RW