Using integrative acid-base physiology to improve the efficiency and sustainability of fish production

利用综合酸碱生理学提高鱼类生产的效率和可持续性

• 批准号: BB/J00913X/1
• 负责人: Rod Wilson
• 金额: $ 39.46万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FJ00913X%2F1
• 关键词: Using; integrative; acid; base; physiology

Feeding and digestion has been and continues to be extensively studied for both fundamental and applied purposes, in a range of species from all animal groups. The current proposal represents a novel area of research that offers a new integrative perspective on the otherwise well studied phenomenon of digestion. It also provides a previously unforeseen mechanism for improving the conversion of food-to-growth within the globally important aquaculture of trout and salmon. The potential for commercial application has generated an industrial partnership with Skretting, the largest trout feed producer in the UK and worldwide.The proposal stems from our recent discovery in 2008 that a major phenomenon associated with feeding in mammals, the alkaline tide, also occurs in teleost (bony) fish, in which it had not previously been documented. The alkaline tide is a rise in blood bicarbonate (a base) and pH (i.e. more alkaline) lasting several hours following a meal, which results from the need to balance the secretion of acid into the stomach. This carries an energetic cost that we estimate to be between about 5 and 40 % (depending on buffer capacity of the diet) of the energy used by trout to digest a meal. The resulting acid-base disturbance in the blood will also result in a host of physiological consequences including potentially negative effects on respiratory gas exchange, salt and water balance, energy use that will ultimately limit food conversion efficiency and growth rates. In trout one key response to this blood acid-base disturbance is to excrete the excess bicarbonate base into the external water (via the gills), a compensatory process that can last 36 hours. Any treatments that might either lessen the extent of the alkaline tide, or improve the recovery time, could be extremely valuable to the aquaculture industry. This is because such treatments would reduce the energetic costs for the fish (promoting faster growth rates), reduce the economic costs for the fish farmer, and also lessen the impact on increasingly expensive and hard-fought-for marine resources that are currently used to make fishmeal (the primary ingredient in commercial trout food).The project will focus upon the physiological consequences and costs of the alkaline tide in rainbow trout, and specifically how this might influence the biological and economic efficiency of growth in aquaculture conditions. By understanding the physiological implications of the alkaline tide, and how they are affected by environmental and dietary variables, we should be able to understand how this varies in nature (with fishing feeding naturally on diets with very different buffer capacity), and also how to minimise the energetic costs for fish within aquaculture. We aim to study how the temperature and chemistry of freshwater the fish live in can influence their response and recovery time for the alkaline tide. We will also manipulate the diet to see if we can minimise the need for the fish to secrete acid in its stomach and minimising the alkaline tide, thus saving energy and optimising fish growth.We will investigate these phenomena using experimental physiology under laboratory conditions at Exeter, as well as carrying out commercial-scale feeding trials at Skretting's under conditions similar to aquaculture, using novel feeds designed by Skretting's Aquaculture Research Centre in Stavanger, Norway.

在所有动物群体的一系列物种中，喂养和消化已经并继续进行广泛研究，以用于基本和应用的目的。当前的建议代表了一个新的研究领域，该领域为原本研究的消化现象提供了新的综合观点。它还提供了一种以前无法预料的机制，可以改善鳟鱼和鲑鱼全球重要的水产养殖中食物发展的转化。商业应用的潜力与滑雪者建立了工业合作伙伴关系，这是英国和全球范围内最大的鳟鱼饲料生产商。该提案源于我们最近在2008年发现的，即在哺乳动物中与碱性潮汐相关的主要现象，碱性潮汐，碱性潮汐，也发生在Teolost（Bonony）鱼类中，该鱼类以前尚未被记录过。碱性潮汐是二氧化碳（碱）和pH（即更多的碱性）持续几个小时的升高，这是由于需要平衡酸到胃中的分泌。我们估计，这载有一个充满活力的成本，大约在5％至40％之间（取决于饮食的缓冲能力），用于消化一顿饭。由此产生的血液中的酸碱干扰也将导致许多生理后果，包括对呼吸气体交换，盐和水平平衡的潜在负面影响，最终将限制食物转化效率和生长速度。在鳟鱼中，对这种血酸基碱干扰的一个关键反应是将多余的碳酸氢盐底座排入外部水（通过ills），这是一种代偿过程，可以持续36小时。任何可能降低碱性潮汐程度或改善恢复时间的治疗方法对水产养殖行业都可能非常有价值。 This is because such treatments would reduce the energetic costs for the fish (promoting faster growth rates), reduce the economic costs for the fish farmer, and also lessen the impact on increasingly expensive and hard-fought-for marine resources that are currently used to make fishmeal (the primary ingredient in commercial trout food).The project will focus upon the physiological consequences and costs of the alkaline tide in rainbow trout, and specifically how this might influence the biological and economic efficiency of水产养殖条件下的增长。通过了解碱性潮汐的生理含义，以及它们如何受到环境和饮食变量的影响，我们应该能够理解这种自然界的变化（随着捕鱼的饮食自然而然地以截然不同的缓冲能力捕食），以及如何最大程度地减少水产养殖中鱼类的能量成本。我们的目标是研究鱼类居住的淡水温度和化学如何影响其碱性潮汐的反应和恢复时间。我们还将操纵饮食，以了解是否可以最大程度地减少鱼类在胃中分泌酸的需求并最大程度地减少碱性潮汐，从而节省能量并优化鱼类的生长。我们将使用实验性生理学在exeter的实验性生理学下研究这些现象，并使用类似的条件下的供应中心进行了类似的供应中心，并通过使用类似的供应中心进行了实验性生理学，并使用了类似的水库研究中的速食中进行了研究。挪威Stavanger。

项目成果

Sublethal exposure to copper supresses the ability to acclimate to hypoxia in a model fish species.

亚致死接触铜会抑制模型鱼类适应缺氧的能力。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105325
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
• 作者: Fitzgerald JA

Rising CO2 enhances hypoxia tolerance in a marine fish.

二氧化碳含量的增加增强了海水鱼类的缺氧耐受性。

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51572-4
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Montgomery DW

Effects of seawater alkalinity on calcium and acid-base regulation in juvenile European lobster (Homarus gammarus) during a moult cycle.

海水碱度对换羽周期中欧洲龙虾幼年（Homarus gammarus）钙和酸碱调节的影响。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.12.002
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology
• 作者: Middlemiss KL

A new analysis of hypoxia tolerance in fishes using a database of critical oxygen level (P crit).

• DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow012
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Conservation physiology
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Rogers NJ;Urbina MA;Reardon EE;McKenzie DJ;Wilson RW
• 通讯作者: Wilson RW

Temperature, species identity and morphological traits predict carbonate excretion and mineralogy in tropical reef fishes.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36617-7
• 发表时间: 2023-02-22
• 期刊: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Ghilardi, Mattia;Salter, Michael A.;Parravicini, Valeriano;Ferse, Sebastian C. A.;Rixen, Tim;Wild, Christian;Birkicht, Matthias;Perry, Chris T.;Berry, Alex;Wilson, Rod W.;Mouillot, David;Bejarano, Sonia
• 通讯作者: Bejarano, Sonia